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With the continuous development of preparation technology, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has become one of the effective ways to manufacture functionally graded materials due to its unique layerby-layer stacking technology. However, the repeated and repeated rapid heating and cooling processes in the manufacturing process will generate large residual stress inside the structure, resulting in the destruction of the structure. In this paper, based on a new nite element method called progressive activation element method (PAE), a thermomechanical coupling model for simulating the process of LAM is established, and the in uence of laser power and composition ratio of transition layers on the residual stress of the overall structure is discussed. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the laser power and the residual stress. The PAE method is compared with the traditional "Model Change" method, and it is found that the PAE method has advantages in computational e ciency, especially when calculating the residual stress of functionally graded materials, the e ciency can be improved by about 1650%. When the TC4/Inconel718 functionally graded material is prepared experimentally, the optimal composition ratio of the transition layers is 8:2. This paper provides reference for the understanding and reasonable suppression of residual stress of functionally graded materials in LAM.
With the continuous development of preparation technology, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has become one of the effective ways to manufacture functionally graded materials due to its unique layerby-layer stacking technology. However, the repeated and repeated rapid heating and cooling processes in the manufacturing process will generate large residual stress inside the structure, resulting in the destruction of the structure. In this paper, based on a new nite element method called progressive activation element method (PAE), a thermomechanical coupling model for simulating the process of LAM is established, and the in uence of laser power and composition ratio of transition layers on the residual stress of the overall structure is discussed. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the laser power and the residual stress. The PAE method is compared with the traditional "Model Change" method, and it is found that the PAE method has advantages in computational e ciency, especially when calculating the residual stress of functionally graded materials, the e ciency can be improved by about 1650%. When the TC4/Inconel718 functionally graded material is prepared experimentally, the optimal composition ratio of the transition layers is 8:2. This paper provides reference for the understanding and reasonable suppression of residual stress of functionally graded materials in LAM.
In order to comprehensively reveal the evolutionary dynamics of the molten pool and the state of motion of the fluid during the high-precision laser powder bed fusion (HP-LPBF) process, this study aims to deeply investigate the specific manifestations of the multiphase flow, solidification phenomena, and heat transfer during the process by means of numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulation models of SS316L single-layer HP-LPBF formation with single and double tracks were constructed using the discrete element method and the computational fluid dynamics method. The effects of various factors such as Marangoni convection, surface tension, vapor recoil, gravity, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and evaporative heat dissipation on the heat and mass transfer in the molten pool have been paid attention to during the model construction process. The results show that the molten pool exhibits a “comet” shape, in which the temperature gradient at the front end of the pool is significantly larger than that at the tail end, with the highest temperature gradient up to 1.69 × 108 K/s. It is also found that the depth of the second track is larger than that of the first one, and the process parameter window has been determined preliminarily. In addition, the application of HP-LPBF technology helps to reduce the surface roughness and minimize the forming size.
With the continuous development of preparation technology, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has become one of the effective ways to manufacture functionally graded materials due to its unique layer-by-layer stacking technology. However, the repeated and repeated rapid heating and cooling processes in the manufacturing process will generate large residual stress inside the structure, resulting in the destruction of the structure. In this paper, based on a new finite element method called progressive activation element method (PAE), a thermomechanical coupling model for simulating the process of LAM is established, and the influence of laser power and composition ratio of transition layers on the residual stress of the overall structure is discussed. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the laser power and the residual stress. The PAE method is compared with the traditional “Model Change” method, and it is found that the PAE method has advantages in computational efficiency, especially when calculating the residual stress of functionally graded materials, the efficiency can be improved by about 1650%. When the TC4/Inconel718 functionally graded material is prepared experimentally, the optimal composition ratio of the transition layers is 8:2. This paper provides reference for the understanding and reasonable suppression of residual stress of functionally graded materials in LAM.
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