利他性惩罚的动机

Abstract

The altruistic punishment is proposed as an important mechanism for the existence of social norms. The motives for punishing altruistically, however, are not entirely altruistic from the individual perspective. In addition to maintaining the principle of fairness, the pursuit of a good reputation, the aversion of potential losses, or the elimination of negative emotions also drive, to varying degrees, altruistic punishment. In addition, the sensitivity to the amount and form of sanction costs also shows that strategic motivations based on the cost-benefit principle play a significant role in driving altruistic punishment. Further exploration of the interaction between different motivations in the implementation of altruistic punishment is an important issue that deserves more attention in the future research.

“Watching Eyes” Triggers Third-Party Punishment: The Role of Emotion Within the Eyes

“…Models are driven by reputation effect, such as the costly signaling model, suggesting the cognitive mechanisms underlying TPP might have evolved because of their signaling benefits (Johnstone and Bshary, 2004;Kurzban et al, 2007), that is, individuals accept abandoning self-interests to inflict punishment in order to gain a positive appreciation with observers. As it's unlikely to bring direct benefits to the punisher, and TPP is usually beneficial to other group members, therefore, punitive actions are essentially equivalent to showing good qualities (Jordan and Rand, 2019;Chen and Yang, 2020), such as fairness and generosity (Nelissen, 2008), being trustworthy (Jordan et al, 2016), or willing to sacrifice for others (Jordan and Rand, 2017), and through the punitive action, TPP can, in the long run, help the punisher build a good reputation and improve the probability of getting help from others (Chen and Yang, 2020).…”