We report a case with anorectal malignant melanoma diagnosed due to multiple liver tumors detected by follow-up MRI scan after rectal cancer resection. A 62-year-old man underwent low anterior resection for advanced rectal carcinoma. The pathological diagnosis was Stage III. Abdominal MRI scan performed 30 months after the operation showed multiple liver tumors. Liver biopsy revealed malignant melanocytes. Repeated colonoscopy demonstrated anorectal malignant melanoma. The survival was short due to aggravation of the disease without any intensive treatment. He died of liver failure 4 months after detection of the tumor. Coincidence of anorectal malignant melanoma and rectal cancer is rare. Malignant melanoma is a disease with poor prognosis, therefore, early diagnosis and intensive chemotherapy is mandatory. Pitfalls of early diagnosis of anorectal malignant melanoma were discussed.