Straw burning will cause many environmental problems and social hazards, such as waste of resources, air pollution, fire, traffic problems, soil fertility reduction, and so on. Straw burning was still repeated although the management has made great efforts on the work of Straw Jinshao. The importance and internal relationship of the driving factors of straw burning have been quantitatively analyzed through scientific questionnaire design and mathematical statistics analysis method and took Nanzhang County of Hubei Province as an example. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) The most important factor that drives farmers to burn straw was high cost and weak ideological consciousness of farmers. 2) Labor factor itself has great potential, but it has been restricted and needs to be excavated. 3) The research results can implement targeted control strategies according to the present situation in China and different driving factors of straw utilization which has great significance for government decision-making and environmental protection.