Based on the theory of environmental justice, this study examined the relationship between the odds ratio of land use transition and ecosystem service value to solve the problem of lack of socioeconomic statistics at a small scale. The results show that: (1) the theoretical model of payment for ecosystem services designed in this study can effectively solve the problem of lack of socioeconomic statistics at a small scale and determine the paying areas and receiving areas of payment for ecosystem services which are consistent with most parts of the key development areas and key ecological function areas in Hubei Province respectively. It verifies the reliability of model designed in this paper. (2) Ecological environment level is descending on the whole in the Hubei Province. The number of towns and total amount of payment for ecosystem services in Hubei Province showed an overall upward trend, while receiving towns'are reverse. The total amount of payment for ecosystem services and reception of ecological compensation are RMB 1.725 billion yuan and 2.954 billion yuan, respectively, in Hubei Province in 2015. In addition, the spatial pattern of paying areas and receiving areas of payment for ecosystem services basically remains unchanged, but there are a little of changes in local areas.The theoretical model of payment for ecosystem services designed in this paper can provide a solution to the spatial ecological imbalance at small scale.