The effect of feeding adult Swiss albino mice of both sexes a diet supplemented with 0, 125, 250 and 500 parts/106 of fluoride for four and eight week periods on haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was investigated. Values of the three parameters were significantly lowered at both periods in the treated groups as compared with the controls. The extent of reduction in these values was, in general, dependent on the dose of supplemented dietary fluoride. Clinical symptoms were not observed before the end of the sixth week. However, appearance of the symptoms did not change the trend of variations in Hb, PCV and MCHC values. The reduced values could be the result of lowered haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis. It was suggested that these haematological indices could serve to detect preclinical effects of high fluoride intake with an added dose of as low as 125 parts/106, or even less, for a period of four weeks or probably earlier.There have been many studies of the adverse effects of high fluoride intake on bones and teeth of man and animals [Velu, 1932;MacIntire, Winterberg, Clements and Dunham, 1947; Neeley and Harbaugh, 1954;Merriman, Moorman and Hobbs, 1956;Brown, Christofferson, Massler and Weiss, 1960;Johnson, 1965;Shupe, 1969;Bhussry, 1970;McClure, 1970;Jones, 1972;Rosenquist and Lemperg, 1974;Yamamoto, Wergedal and Baylink, 1974;Gileva, Plotko and Gatiyatullina, 1975;Lough, Noonan, Gagnon and Kayne, 1975]. Other tissues, however, as possible affected sites have received less attention. Research reports describing the effects of high levels of fluoride on the blood picture and haematopoietic system are not so frequently encountered.Hoogstratten, Leone, Shupe, Greenwood and Liberman [1965] reported an increase in blood and bone marrow eosinophils and a decrease in serum folic acid activity of cattle received a fluoride-supplemented ration for a period of seven and a half years. The daily ingested level of fluoride was 93 parts/106.Decreased blood levels of copper and calcium, as well as lowered values of packed cell volume (PCV), were observed in sheep grazing, for not less than two years, on pasture contaminated with rock phosphate dust containing 2-1-3-3 % of fluoride emitted from a fertilizer factory [Zumpt, 1975]. The concentration of fluoride in the grazed forage, on a dry matter basis, was 232 parts/106. The effect of a high level of fluoride on some haematological aspects of the rat was investigated by Kahl, Wojcik and Ewy [1973]. Sodium fluoride at a concentration of 150 parts/106 in drinking water lowered, after 75 days, the erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) down to 20-2 % and 4.5 % of those of the controls, respectively. Decreased incorporation of 59Fe into red blood cells and spleen was also observed along with increased 59Fe incorporation into liver and bone marrow.

Allium sativum (Garlic) is a cultivated vegetable. Al-Rawi and Chakravarty (1) in dicated the therapeutic use of the bulb and juice of this plant. Actually the bulb is used in various forms of ulcers and regulation of the menstrual cycle. The juice is also used as a rubefacient in skin diseases and external ottitis and as a lotion for washing the wounds and ulcers. In addition to the wind-breaking and helminthic effect, the juice showed an improvement of the urinary secretion and sweating and an antipyretic effect in the patient with an intermittent fever. Thus, the main therapeutic indications of the juice as a syrup are diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant effects. Inspite of the wide therapeutic availabi lity, the biological activity of this plant is little known. Therefore, in the present experi ments the effects of water and alcohol extracts of Allium sativum on the various organ func tions were observed. MATERIALS AND METHODSWater extract : The respective 20 g of the dried stems and leaves of Allium sativum in 50 ml of water was boiled for 15 minutes and the filterates was used as a water extract.Alcoholic extract: Alcoholic extract was prepared by using soxhlet apparatus for hours. Twenty gramms of the dried stems and leaves were used.Water and alcoholic extracts were prepared also from the fleshy bulb of Allium sativum by the same procedures.Experiments were performed to study the effect of water and alcoholic extracts of Allium sativum on isolated uterus and intestine as well as on the arterial blood pressure, iso lated mammalian heart and respiration.To demonstrate the effect of Allium sativum extracts on the uterus and intestine of guinea pigs, an electrically heated glass jar bath was used. The horns of the uterus were carefully dissected from freshly-killed pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs. Pieces from the horns of the uterus (about 4 cm long) were suspended in oxygenated Dale's solu tion of a 38°C Constant temperature. The inner vessel was of 50 ml in capacity . The normal uterine motility was recorded by a light lever on a smoked drum paper which was moving at a slow speed. The tested solutions from the leaves, stems and bulb (2 ml from water or alcoholic extracts) were added to the bath containing the piece of the uterus. The response was recorded. The same technique was applied for the intestine. Pieces of 5 cm long from the doudenum of freshly-killed guinea pigs were suspended in oxygenated Tyrode's solution. They were examined in the same way as in the uterus (2).