³ ÒÑÏÑÜßá ÕÇÑÓËË ×ÖÐÍÙËÑÐÂΠÒÎÑÕÐÑÔÕË ÃÞÎË ÓÂÔÔÏÑÕÓÇÐÞ ÔÎÇAEÖáÜËÇ ÏÑÐÑØÂÎßÍÑÅÇÐËAEÞ: SnS, SnSe, GeS, GeSe, ÐÂÌAEÇÐÞ ËØ ÔÕÂÃËÎßÐÞÇ ÍÑÐ×ÑÓÏÂÙËË. ¿ÍÔÒÇ-ÓËÏÇÐÕÞ ÒÑÍÂÊÂÎË, ÚÕÑ AEÂÐÐÞÇ ÔÑÇAEËÐÇÐËâ ÖÔÕÑÌÚËÄÞ Í ÑÍËÔÎÇÐËá [52].³ÇÎÇÐËAE ÑÎÑÄ SnSe ì ÐÑÄÞÌ AEÄÖÏÇÓÐÞÌ ÏÂÕÇÓËÂÎ Ô ÐÇÒÓâÏÑÌ ÊÂÒÓÇÜÈÐÐÑÌ ÊÑÐÑÌ, ÓÂÄÐÑÌ 1Y45 à£, ÒÑAEÄËÉ-ÐÑÔÕßá 10000 ÔÏ 2 £ À1 Ô À1 , ÏÑAEÖÎÇÏ ÀÐÅ 20 ë 40 ¤±Â Ë ÔÄÇÓØÏÂÎÑÌ ÕÇÒÎÑÒÓÑÄÑAEÐÑÔÕßá (`3 £Õ Ï À1 ¬ À1 ÒÓË 300 ¬). Electronic states in quasi-two-dimensional (2D) metal and semiconductor crystals can have unusual characteristics and thus can exhibit unusual electronic and optical phenomena. In this paper, the results recently obtained for a new class of 2D compounds, transition metal dichalcogenides, are presented, including those on structure, preparation methods, electronic, mechanical and optical properties, defects and their inêuence on material properties, and conditions facilitating the formation of defects. The paper considers the unique properties of mono-and multilayer materials, examines their dependence on external factors, and discusses their further application prospects. Various applications of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are described, ranging from nanolubricants, nanocomposites and biosensors to memory cells and supercapacitors to optoelectronic, spin and photovoltaic devices.

Composite structures of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest due to their expected distinguished properties. Here we have investigated the mechanical and electronic properties of new nanostructures based on CNT-graphene covalent-bonded compounds.The process of the formation of the graphene-nanotube compound. Left: single graphene and nanotube (border atoms of graphene are highlighted). Right: carbon nanotube-graphene composite.

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Different technological approaches for creating graphene quantum dots by the adsorption of hydrogen atoms are considered. The adsorption can occur both at convex portions of a distorted graphene nanoribbon and in the structure formed by two distorted graphene nanoribbon rows superimposed on each other at the places free from the ribbon crossings. It is shown that settlement of hydrogen atoms at convex portions of the nan oribbons is energetically favorable. This gives rise to the creation of insulating graphane (CH) nanodomains separating the conducting regions. As a result, a graphene quantum dot appears. The variation of the electron spectra of graphene quantum dots with the length of these graphane regions is discussed.