Financial Inclusion involves ensuring that the poor have access to financial services that are relevant to their needs especially in the rural communities. This study investigated the extent to which undercapitalization of rural banks and frequent loan delinquency influence the ability of deposit money banks to drive the inclusive growth agenda of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Out of the 250 questionnaires distributed, 179 were returned and analyzed. Being a categorical data, the study employed optimal scaling regression to measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. ANOVA and other statistical tests were also conducted. The study found that loan delinquency, undercapitalization and payment of utility bills were significant in measuring the inclusive growth initiative of the Central Bank of Nigeria. It therefore recommends among others that the central bank should make policies that will increase the credit worthiness of the rural dwellers as well as encourage banks to boost the capital base of the rural banks in order to be equipped with the financial muscle to drive financial inclusion in Nigeria.

This study employs the Johansen cointegration and the vector error correction model (VECM) to assess the dynamic relationship that exists between oil price fluctuations and the real exchange rate in selected Sub-Saharan Africa countries from January 2004 to December 2017. The result of the monthly data analysis provides evidence to support a cointegration between oil prices and the real exchange rate in sub-Saharan oil dependent nations. The results of the study established a long-run equilibrium connection between fluctuations in oil price and the real exchange rate. Importantly, the study demonstrates the significant power of oil prices to predict the movement of real exchange rates in Nigeria, Angola, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. This study has implications not only for investors and industry leaders but also for policymakers responsible for the growth and stability of the economy. The results of this study also attest to the need for urgent economic diversification to other sectors of the economy both to reduce the negative influence of oil price fluctuations and to boost economic growth.

The study investigated the client-enterprise profitability and loan failure of microfinance banks' (MFBs) borrowers in Ogun State with a population of forty seven MFBs where twenty MFBs were selected as sample size for this study. The survey design was used through the administration of questionnaire. The linear regression method was used in analysing data and it was found out that effective monitoring and constant record checking were ensured by the microfinance banks' staff that made the borrowers keep records of their business transactions through the positive correlation with loan size structuring, (X 2 =171.859; p-value<0.01 and correlation coefficient =0.416; p-value <0.01); enterprise profitability further confirmed the highest hazard on period of default with further evidence from the Omnibus tests of model coefficients (X 2 = 38.645, degree of freedom=5, P-value<0.001) as indicated in the statistical relevance of the model. It was recommended that there should be an interactive session (interview) between the loan manager and borrower for the establishment of facts stated in the loan request form; quality cash-flow analysis of the enterprises should be properly done before loan is granted to small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) likewise there should be an effective monitoring of loan usage by monitoring team of the microfinance banks to avoid diversion.