The article analyzes the literature data on intratemporal lesions of the facial nerve of various etiologies. According to the WHO, facial nerve lesions ranks second in frequency among peripheral nervous system pathologies and first among cranial nerve lesions (incidence varies from 13 to 24 patients per 100,000 population), equally among men and women. Any damage to the temporal bone affecting the canal of the facial nerve can cause facial paralysis. Common causes of damage to the facial nerve are: injuries resulting from an external traumatic agent (traffic accidents, catastrophes, domestic injuries); iatrogenic resulting from medical interventions; infections (Bell palsy); tumor lesions. Despite the rather large number of facial nerve repair methods proposed in the literature for paresis and paralysis, today there is no optimal algorithm for surgical treatment for large defects in the middle ear. Given that the number of such patients does not decrease from year to year, the search for a solution to this issue is currently relevant.