been found that the presence of dissolved solid has a marked effect in reducing the expansion of water as the critical temperature is approached, (1) Published by permission of the Director, U. S. Bureau of Mines.(Not subject to copyright.) (2) Research chemical engineer, Joint Research Committee on Boiler Feed-Water Studies, attached to Nonmetallic Minerals Experiment Station, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.

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Suggestions are given for applying methods of preventing embrittlement cracking which are based upon the results of a great number of tests with the embrittlement detector on operating boilers. A summary is given in tabular form of more than 900 plant tests of this nature on variously treated boiler waters. The method of water treatment, the sources of supply of chemicals, and the most desirable conditions of application for sodium nitrate, quebracho extract, waste sulphite liquor, and zero-caustic alkalinity are discussed. These methods of chemical treatment for preventing embrittlement are compared.

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This paper reports the effectiveness of (a) sodium sulphate, (b) sodium phosphate and other inorganic compounds, and (c) a number of organic materials in protecting steel against intercrystalline attack. The test results, given in the tables, form the basis for concluding that certain materials are effective in protecting steel against such attack; from the least effective to the most effective these chemicals would be (1) sodium carbonate, (2) sodium phosphate, (3) sodium sulphate, (4) quebracho and Philippine cutch, (5) lignin sulphonate, and (6) concentrated sulphite waste liquor. The position of sodium sulphate and other inorganic salts in this list is determined by their action in solution rather than any possible mechanical plugging they may cause.