S-Glycosylation took place on reaction of 5-alkylidene- and 5-arylidene-3-aryl-2-thiohydantoins with glycosyl halides under alkaline conditions. Bisglucosylation also took place when N-3 unsubstituted hydantoins were reacted. The bisglucosylated hydantoins produced N-3 glucosylated hydantoins on treatment with ammonia in methanol. In antiviral studies the most active compounds against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 5-(2-thienylmethylene)-3-phenyl-2-(2,3,4,6- tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-thiohydantoin and 5-(2-thienylmethylene)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acety l-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-2-thiohydantoin.

Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have produced conflicting results about the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in improving the healing rate for chronic diabetic foot wounds. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of systemic HBOT in healing of chronic nonischemic diabetic foot ulcer. Thirty adult patients having Wagner's grade 2 or 3 chronic diabetic foot ulcers, in whom the response to 30 days of standard wound care was not favorable, were prospectively randomized to have either HBOT (20-40 sessions) plus conventional treatment (n = 15) or conventional treatment alone (n = 15). Ischemic wounds and patients with contraindications to systemic HBOT were excluded. The primary end point was complete healing of the target ulcer. Secondary endpoints included the following: rate of ulcer healing at the end of treatment period and at 4 and 8 weeks thereafter as well as rate of amputation. A significantly greater percentage of HBOT-treated wounds (33.3%, 5/15) achieved complete closure than conventional therapy-treated wounds (0%, 0/15; P = .014) at the end of treatment. This significant difference was maintained throughout the 8 weeks of follow-up. Complications frequency was nonsignificantly different between both groups. Our study showed that HBOT plus conventional therapy appears as safe as and probably more effective than conventional therapy alone for the healing of chronic nonischemic diabetic foot wounds. Larger studies are required to confirm its specific indications.

A series of donor–acceptor alternating π‐conjugated copolymers based on 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and hexylthiophene units has been synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed Stille cross‐coupling method. Various precursory monomers possessing dibromo and bis(tributylstannyl) functionalities were readily prepared in high yields. Microwave‐assisted polymerization proved efficient for the production of high‐molecular‐weight copolymers, ranging from 13550 to 52490 g mol–1. All copolymers exhibited excellent solubilities in most common organic solvents. The thermal properties of these copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and the polymers showed high thermal stabilities. Incorporation of the benzothiadiazole unit into polyhexylthiophene chains affected the photophysical and electrochemical properties. The thin‐film absorption spectra of all polymers are significantly red‐shifted relative to the corresponding absorption bands in solution and exhibit broader absorption bands. The optical band gaps were estimated to be in the range of 2.02–1.74 eV. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are in the ranges of –5.37 to –5.66 eV and –3.33 to –3.44 eV, respectively. In the X‐ray diffraction analysis of the deposited film of the copolymer P3, strong diffraction peaks were observed at 2θ = 5.72° (15.43 Å) and 23.12° (3.84 Å). These values relate to the distances between chains with interdigitated hexyl chains and to π–π stacking between the conjugated chains.

Five solution processable isoindigo-based donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) small molecules with different electron donating strengths have been designed and synthesized. The variation in the electron donating strength of the donor group strongly affected the optical, thermal, electrochemical and photovoltaic device performances of the isoindigo organic materials. The highest power conversion efficiency of ~3.2% was achieved in the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device consisting of ID3T as the donor and PC70BM as the acceptor. This work demonstrates the potential of isoindigo moieties as electron-deficient units and presents guidelines for the synthesis of D-A-D small molecules for producing highly efficient, solution-processed organic photovoltaic devices.

BACKGROUND: Various techniques have been implemented to reconstruct the deficient interdental papilla.AIM: The present trial was conducted to assess the effect of injection of hyaluronic acid gel for the reconstruction of deficient interdental papilla.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six deficient interdental papilla sites in ten patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups; intervention group who received the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel and control group who received the injection of saline solution as a placebo. Each deficient papilla received three injections. The first injection was given one week following the re-evaluation period (four weeks after performing full mouth supra-gingival scaling and sub-gingival debridement). The second and third injections were given after three and six weeks, respectively. The height and surface area of black triangles were recorded at baseline before the injection procedures. The participants were recalled after three and six months from the first injection for re-measuring the recorded parameters. At 6 months, patients' satisfaction was also assessed.RESULTS: After three and six months from baseline, the results revealed a statistically significant higher mean decrease in height and surface area of black triangles in favour of the HA group. From three to six months, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in both parameters. At 6 months, the HA group showed a statistically significant higher mean satisfaction score than the saline group.CONCLUSION: The use of hyaluronic acid gel for the reconstruction of interdental papillary deficiency was effective with promising levels of patients' satisfaction.