Íàöèîíàëüíûé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ñòðîèòåëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò (Ðîññèÿ, 129337, ã. Ìîñêâà, ßðîñëàâñêîå øîññå, 26) ÐÅÇÞÌÅ Ââåäåíèå. Ïîaeàðû, êîòîðûå ïðîèñõîäÿò ïðè ãàçîâûõ âçðûâàõ â áûòîâûõ ïîìåùåíèÿõ, óñóãóáëÿþò è áåç òîãî îïàñíóþ ñèòóàöèþ, íî îíè âîçíèêàþò íå âñåãäà. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò íàäåÿòüñÿ íà âîçìîaeíîñòü ñíèaeåíèÿ ïîaeàðíûõ ðèñêîâ ïðè ãàçîâûõ âçðûâàõ çà ñ÷åò ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé è ðàçðàáîòêè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ìåð. Çàäà÷à èññëåäîâàíèÿ îïðåäåëåíà êàê èçó÷åíèå óñëîâèé, ïðè êîòîðûõ âîçíèêàþò ïîaeàðû â ñëó÷àå ãàçîâûõ âçðûâîâ â ïîìåùåíèè. Ïðîöåññ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ãàçîâ è ãîðþ÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ êðàòêîâðåìåííîñòüþ âçðûâà è íàãðåâîì ãîðþ÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ïðè äåôèöèòå êèñëîðîäà. Ïðåäïîëîaeèòåëüíî, óñëîâèÿìè âîçãîðàíèÿ ãîðþ÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ èõ ìàëàÿ òåïëîåìêîñòü, ìåñòî ïîëîaeåíèÿ â îáúåìå ïîìåùåíèÿ è ïîñòóïëåíèå òóäà íàðóaeíîãî âîçäóõà. Ìåòîäû è ñðåäñòâà èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëèñü â êóáè÷åñêîé êàìåðå îáúåìîì 10 ì 3 , çàïîëíåííîé ïðîïàí-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñüþ. Îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü ðåãèñòðàöèÿ äàâëåíèÿ âçðûâà è âèäåîçàïèñü âíå è âíóòðè êàìåðû. Äëÿ îöåíêè óðîâíÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ ïëàìåíè íà ãîðþ÷èé ìàòåðèàë èñïîëüçîâàëèñü ñïåöèàëüíî ðàçðàáîòàííûå èíäèêàòîðû òåïëîâûõ èìïóëüñîâ ñ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûì ýëåìåíòîì èç áóìàãè. Âíóòðè êàìåðû áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî 35 èíäèêàòîðîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ è èõ îáñóaeäåíèå. Èññëåäîâàíèÿìè óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî íàèìåíåå ïîaeàðîîïàñíûìè ìåñòàìè, ãäå òåïëîâîé èìïóëüñ ñîñòàâëÿë ìåíåå 500 êÄae/ì 2 , îêàçàëèñü óãëû êàìåðû è åå ïðèñòåííûå îáëàñòè (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì âåðõíåé ñòåíêè), à íàèáîëåå ïîaeàðîîïàñíûì -îáúåì îò öåíòðà ââåðõ è äî îêîííîãî ïðîåìà ïî âñåé åãî øèðèíå, ãäå òåïëîâîé èìïóëüñ ñîñòàâëÿë 600 êÄae/ì 2 è áîëåå.  ìåñòàõ ñêëåéêè áóìàãè è ïðîâîëîêè êîêñîâàíèå áûëî çàìåòíî ìåíüøå, ÷åì íà îñòàëüíîé åå ÷àñòè. Áóìàãà, íàõîäèâøàÿñÿ â ïîaeàðîîïàñíîé çîíå, âîñïëàìåíÿëàñü ïðè ïîñòóïëåíèè íàðóaeíîãî âîçäóõà ïîñëå âçðûâà. Âûâîäû. Ïðåäïîëîaeåíèÿ îá óñëîâèÿõ âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ïîaeàðà ïðè ãàçîâîì âçðûâå â ïîìåùåíèè ïîäòâåðäèëèñü: îïàñíîñòü âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ïîaeàðà çàâèñèò îò òåïëîåìêîñòè ãîðþ÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ìåñòà èõ ïîëîaeåíèÿ â îáúåìå è ïîñòóïëåíèÿ íàðóaeíîãî âîçäóõà â êàìåðó ïîñëå âçðûâà.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñòàòèñòèêà; ýêñïåðèìåíò; èíäèêàòîðû òåïëîâûõ èìïóëüñîâ; ãîðþ÷èå ìàòåðèàëû; âîñïëàìåíåíèå.

The effects of quick pressure balance during deflagration explosions in the test chambers are considered. The experimental records of pressure time dependence obtained from various tests, as well as the results of the explosive combustion numeral modeling have been analyzed. The load levels of the explosion-affected structure and equipment elements due to the impulse and vibration actions formed during deflagration in the combustible gas have been assessed. It was demonstrated that the explosive actions formed during deflagration in the combustible gas in field could lead to dangerous loading of the critical equipment elements - sensors, instruments, electronic boards, etc., including the fire system elements of buildings and constructions, sea platforms, vessels and ships, as well as other sophisticated civil and military facilities. The experimental development programs for security systems of such facilities should include deflagration explosion testing with low prime cost and short periods of execution. Such testing cannot be replaced with the development on vibration and shock tables due to specific nature of loading during deflagration emergency explosions.

Introduction. There are known cases of fires after gas explosions in domestic residential premises, exacerbating an already dangerous situation. Determining the conditions for the occurrence of such fires, as well as the process of behaviour of combustible materials during the short-term thermal effect of a gas explosion, allows us to hope for the possibility of reducing fire risks through research and the development of appropriate measures. Methods Experimental studies were carried out in a cubic chamber with a volume of 10 m3 filled with a propane-air mixture. Explosion pressure and video inside the chamber were recorded. To assess the magnitude of the effects of flame and combustion products of a gas explosion on combustible material, specially developed indicators with a sensitive element – sheet of paper. Results. The images of sensitive elements of indicators with the level of brightness after exposure to a flame and combustion products of a gas explosion are presented. Frames from a video camera installed inside the camera are also presented. Discussion. The conditions for ignition of combustible materials are: low heat capacity, position in the volume of premise and the entry of outside air. Conclusions. It is established that combustible materials in the corners of premise are less affected by the flame and combustion products of a gas explosion. Combustible material ignites when external air enters after an explosion.

В отсутствие надёжных расчётных методов экспериментальная отработка элементов оборудования и конструкций на тепловые нагрузки при газовом дефлаграционном взрыве может стать основным способом избежать ошибок при проектировании и строительстве различных помещений, отсеков и модулей. В ИКБС НИУ МГСУ разработан способ оценки тепловых нагрузок при лабораторном воспроизведении внутренней газовой дефлаграции, базирующийся на непосредственном измерении тепловых импульсов, минуя определение полей температур и скоростей газа.