Among the classic pathogens of congenital infection, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 play important role. Neonatal herpes develops as a result of antenatal transmission of HSV. The greatest risk occurs with the primary infection of a woman in the late stages of pregnancy. In 85% of cases, genital and neonatal herpes is associated with HSV-2.The purpose of study: to identify the relationship between early manifestations of neonatal herpes and genital herpes during pregnancy for early diagnosis and etiological therapy of the newborn.Materials and methods. The analysis of current clinical recommendations and international consensuses of professional communities in Russia, the USA, and a number of European countries in the management of pregnant women was carried out. The five medical histories of newborn infants with a diagnosis of congenital herpetic infection were analyzed. In the clinical guidelines for the management of normal pregnancy, routine screening of pregnant women for HSV is omitted, however, examination is recommended for symptoms of genital herpes. For the prevention of neonatal herpes, antiviral drugs and caesarean section are used. Congenital herpes develops rarely, proceeds severely with significant residual manifestations in children. Antiviral therapy (Acyclovir) is used for herpetic infection in newborns: with systemic and local infection (eye damage). The analysis showed: despite the recurrent course of genital herpes in 4 out of 5 women during pregnancy, none of the pregnant women had a laboratory examination for HSV, pregnant women did not receive systemic etiological therapy and all deliveries were natural. The absence of preventive measures contributed to the early, during the first three days of life, the development of severe forms of neonatal herpes. In respect that the lack of significant clinical specificity and delayed manifestation, an antenatal anamnesis is important diagnostic criterion for neonatal herpes.

Parvovirus infection is a widespread disease with a high risk of transplacental transmission among infected pregnant women, which leads to fetal death or the development of severe congenital disease in the newborn. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of parvovirus infection in pregnant women provide the opportunity for a favorable outcome of the disease, preserving the life and health of the child. A clinical case of antenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital parvovirus infection with the development of severe anemia in the fetus and the results of postnatal observation are presented.

Congenital viral infectious diseases are characterized by polyetiologic pathology holding an important place in the structure of perinatal losses. Due to the wide distribution and lack of specific prophylaxis, the problem of herpesvirus infections is of greatest interest, namely of herpes infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, human herpes simplex virus type 6 and cytomegalovirus infection, as well as parvovirus infection B19. The opportunities to investigate a relation between manifestations of the infectious process and host molecular genetic characteristics have been expanded after developing full genome sequencing methods and creating genetic data international banks. It has been proven that herpes virus genetic variations can account for related neurovirulence, showing that diverse cytomegalovirus genotypes are associated with hepatosplenomegaly, hearing impairment and the symptoms of the central nervous system diseases. Nevertheless, the data on correlation between genotypes and clinical manifestations are still scarce and contradictory, whereas high level of variability becomes extremely evident while comparing genomic sequences of viral strains. The herpesvirus type 6 has been proven to integrate into germ cells with potential for subsequent vertical transmission of chromosomally integrated virus to the offspring and its further intergeneration inheritance. А direct relationship between B19V genospecies and disease manifestations including congenital infections has not yet been identified. Taking into account possible differences in the geographical distribution of such viruses on the territory of the Russian Federation, ethnic populational characteristics, and high frequency of related congenital infectious diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations, it seems promising to expand scientific research on the genotyping of herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, herpes viruses type 6 and parvovirus B19V in Russia. The results of such studies will be demanded by practical healthcare in order to develop and use more effective etiotropic drugs and specific prophylaxis in the light of trends to develop personalized and preventive medicine.

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Congenital cytomegalovirus infection contributes substantially to the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss, which may be late-onset, progressive or fluctuating. It leads to delayed diagnostics of hearing impairments in children. The aim is to assess the frequency and time of hearing loss occurrence in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and to develop the audiological follow-up algorithm adapted for those children. Materials and methods: 60 children with verified congenital cytomegalovirus infection have been involved into research as the main group. 61 children, with other sensorineural hearing loss risk factors, but excluding congenital cytomegalovirus, were included into the comparison group. The age of children ranged from 2 months to 7 years old. The follow-up duration was up to 4 years. Audiological assessment included: auditory brainstem response, auditory steady state response, otoacoustic emissions, impedancometry, pure tone audiometry (its type depended on the children’s age and development level) and speech tests. Results: Hearing loss was revealed in 17% of the main group, it varied from mild to severe degree. Among these children 30% developed late-onset hearing loss. 5% of children of the comparison group were identified with congenital hearing loss. Assessment of central auditory pathways function has been performed in children elder than 4 years old: 70% of children of the main group and 10% of children of the comparison one were identified with auditory processing disorders. The received data may be used by otolaryngologists, audiologists, pediatricians and infectious diseases physicians. The developed follow-up admits timely diagnostics of sensorineural hearing loss in children with congenital cytomegalovirus.