The article considers legal and regulatory of the Russian Federation framework issues of first aid treatment in an emergency. The authors provide insight into the basic normative documents that determine the powers of personnel admitted to the emergency zone including military and State Fire-Fighting Service personnel, members of accident rescue units and services. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to bring the existing regulatory framework in line with a single standard, legislatively expand the range of authority of the relevant personnel in providing emergency care, and to prepare training programs for personnel in emergency situations.