No abstract

The theme of designing the future corresponds to the age tasks of older adolescents, but becomes a source of tension in families long before the children finish school. When children reach adolescence, communication is rebuilt in families, and dialogue between children and parents is often difficult. The article discusses the features of what parental statements about the future of adolescents sound in the presentation of adolescents themselves. There are described 20 typical forms of statements about the future faced by modern adolescents from their relatives, that have a different focuses — on the child, on his/her family and on the social environment. Their advantages and disadvantages and possible psychological effects are analyzed; the representation of categories of statements in groups of adolescents of different age and sex and students in different organizations is compared. The necessity of organization of constructive discussions of the future between the teenager and his social environment is proved.

No abstract

We present the results of a longitudinal study of the formation of grafomotor skills in primary school children of 7–9 years old (students of I-II grades). With the help of a computerized test of serial organization of movements and writing in conjunction with the general neuropsychological testing in children, we revealed patterns of study skills development in health and learning disabilities. The development of grafomotor skills from I to II class in successful and unsuccessful learners is uneven: second-graders perform tasks faster and with fewer regulatory errors, but the spatial characteristics of letters deteriorate. Children with learning disabilities have deficit in the formation and automation of grafomotor and writing skills that can be associated with the identified deficiency of programming and monitoring functions in this group, as well as the serial organization of movements. In addition, a comparative analysis of the relationships between age, social factors (class) and the formation of the tested function, allowed to detect a greater social influence on this process.