This article considers the problem of the formation of the microelement water composition of the small rivers not directly affected by the oil and gas industrial complex in the Nadym-Pur interstream area. Physicochemical characteristics and ionic composition of the natural water samples are determined by chemical aqueous method, the total content of heavy metals is analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). More than 99% of the sum of all the heavy metal mass with concentration above 0,1 mcg/dm3 is defined by the presence of fourteen metals ranged as following: Fe>>Mn>>Sr>Ba>Zn>Rb>Cu>Co>Ni>V>Ce>Zr>Pb>La. Groups of such metals as manganese and strontium, nickel and cobalt, lead, zinc and copper, vanadium and zirconium, cerium and lanthanum form the concentration сlusters. In comparison to large and average rivers, water samples from small rivers contain higher concentrations of iron and manganese, and lower concentrations of zinc. The Fe and Mn content may vary depending on such characteristics as water color index and water turbidity. The significant exceedance of MACf of Fe and Mn is observed everywhere. The excess of zinc, caused by natural factors is occasionally fixed. The defined variability ranges for the heavy metal contents in water of small rivers located beyond the reach of the oil and gas industrial complexes effects are suggested to consider as modern background regional values of the heavy metal concentrations throughout water-collecting area of Nadym and Pur rivers in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen region.
The paper provides geoecological assessment of natural and urban thermokarst lakes for the town of Nadym, typical of the West Siberian Arctic. Although there is no developed industry in the town, we have found that there occurs an anthropogenic transformation of the geochemical composition of the surface waters of urban thermokarst lakes in comparison with background ones, which is manifested in an increase in the alkalinity of water and in chronic contamination with petroleum products. The reasons for these changes are littering of coastal zones with construction debris and historical pollution with cement dust from the house-building plant. Surface waters and bottom sediments of urban lakes contain significant concentrations of petroleum products, which for a long time have been carried into lakes by surface runoff from the territory of garage cooperatives of the industrial zone. It is shown that geochemical analysis of urban lakes should consider not only neutral or increasing effects of natural factors but also local conditions and the historical aspect of anthropogenic impact.
In this paper, approaches to state management of rural development are considered. The indicators characterizing the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation in the context of Federal districts are studied. It is concluded that the previously implemented Federal targeted programs aimed at the development of rural areas have not led to significant results. The study assessed the adopted state program of integrated development of rural areas in the Russian Federation. As factors that reduce the effectiveness of the adopted program, identified: insufficient funding; the lack of a unified system of indicators characterizing an integrated socio-economic development of rural areas, used both at the stage of programme planning and at the stage of monitoring the status of the village; lack of operational system of monitoring of the current state of rural areas and effective mechanism of interdepartmental coordination in the framework of realization of measures on development of rural areas. The algorithm of development of the state program of development of rural territories on the basis of the methods used by the commercial organizations within construction of system of the balanced indicators (BSC) is offered).
Keywords-rural areas; the state program, the analysis of the results of the balanced scorecard.
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