We studied structural changes in the prostate gland, thymus, and lymph nodes in CBA mice after transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells into the prostate gland. On experimental day 5, the number of blood and lymph vessels decreased in the gland; the percentage of connective tissue elements and glandular tissue and the number of immunoblasts in the thymus increased. On day 18, the number of blood vessels in the tumor decreased; the width of the cortex and glandular tissue increased in the thymus, while the number of immunoblasts was reduced. On day 28, tumor infiltration and increased number of lymphatic vessels in its stroma were observed; parenchyma was reduced, and the area of the connective tissue increased in the thymus. These structural changes indicated the development of accidental involution of the thymus during carcinogenesis of the prostate.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia – one of the most common diseases in older men. The treatment strategy for benign prostatic hyperplasia consists in its drug therapy, or active surgical tactics. The indication for planned surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is the progression of symptoms of the lower urinary tract, which are not amenable to drug correction. Men with a large prostate volume of more than 80 m3, with severe symptoms of the lower urinary tract, with a history of acute urinary retention episodes, represent a difficult group of patients in terms of choosing the tactics of surgical treatment. This article discusses the most common operations that are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (especially of large sizes): open adenectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate gland, enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a holmium laser, embolization of an artery of the prostate gland. Surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia requires an individual approach to the patient, taking into account his age, concomitant pathology and clinical symptoms.

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Due to the increasing use of laser technologies in oncourology,we consider it relevant to publish a review of domesticand foreign articles for 2015-2021. The range of application ofvarious lasers in oncourology is very wide (holmium (Ho): YAG,thulium (Tm): YAG, etc.). In comparison with traditional surgicalinterventions, the greatest effectiveness of laser technologies incombination with endoscopy is clearly traced, the risks of intra –and postoperative complications are minimized, the period ofinpatient stay for patients changes.

A promising and developing area in oncology is the use of high-energy laser radiation. The structure of the prostate and renal lymph nodes of mice was studied on the 18 th day of the experimental prostate tumor and after its instrumental and laser resection. On the 18 th day of prostate tumor growth in mice, severe T-zone hyperplasia and sinus reaction were detected in the renal lymph nodes. On the 18 th day after instrumental resection of the tumor, t-zone hyperplasia persists, and the transport function of the renal lymph nodes is partially restored. On the 18 th day after resection of the tumor with high-energy ND:YAG laser radiation, with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a photostimulating effect was detected in the peripheral heating zone, which is expressed in the restoration of the structure of regional lymph nodes. K E Y w O R D S-experimental prostate tumor, renal lymph nodes, prostatectomy, high-energy laser radiation.