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The species composition of the genus Linum L. section Adenolinum (Rchb.)Juz. was critically revised. The section comprises 28 species classified into 3 subsections (Longiunguiculata Svetlova, Amurense Svetlova and Breviunguiculata Svetlova), 4 series and 2 subseries. 3 new series (ser. Empetrifolia Naumenko-Svetlova, ser. Ovatosepala Naumenko-Svetlova and ser. Rotundatosepala Naumenko-Svetlova) and 2 new subseries (subser. Extraaxillaria (Optasyuk) Naumenko-Svetlova and subser. Perennia (Optasyuk) Naumenko-Svetlova) are described. One new combination in the rank of species (L. kurdicum (P. H. Davis) Naumenko-Svetlova) and two new combinations in the rank of subspecies (L. squamulosum Rudolphi subsp. tommasinii (Rchb.) Naumenko-Svetlova and L. squamulosum subsp. collinum (Boiss.) Naumenko-Svetlova) are published. It is shown that the species of the section subdivided into 3 groups according to traits of their sepals. Generally, most species within each subsection are characterized by a certain type of sepals. The most species of subsect. Longiunguiculata have elliptic or lanceolate sepals, the outer ones with (rarely without) a narrow white membranous margin, the inner with a wide margin. Most species in the subsect. Amurense have ovate to suborbicular sepals, all with a wide white membranous margin. Sepals in the subsect. Breviunguiculata are generally ovate, the outer ones with (rarely without) a narrow white membranous margin, the inner ones with a wide margin, some species (L. baicalense Juz., L. lewisii Pursh and L. leonii F. W. Schultz) having intermediate characters of flowers between subsections Longiunguiculata and Breviunguiculata. The taxonomic positions of some Adenolinum species are revised. Over 30 taxa names are reduced to synonyms. Lectotypes of L. lyallanum Alef., L. kirgisicum Alef., L. darmstadinum Alef., L. barbulatum Làng ex Rchb., Adenolinum tommasinii Rchb., L. alpinum Jacq. var. gracilius Bertol., L. montanum Schleich. ex DC., L. carnosulum Boiss. var. empetrifolium Boiss., L. punctatum С. Presl, L. lewisii Pursh and L. peyronii Post are designated. The key for the species identification is compiled. The scheme of geographical distribution follows T. V. Egorova (1999) with a few minor changes: Вост. Европа — East Europe1, Сев. Европа — Northern Europe, Атл. Европа — Atlantic Europe, Центр. Европа — Central Europe, Юж. Европа — Southern Europe, Кавказ — Caucasus, Зап. Сиб. — Western Siberia, Вост. Сиб. — Eastern Siberia, Дальн. Вост. — Far East, Зап. Азия — West Asia, Сред. Азия — Middle Asia, Центр. Азия — Central Asia, Вост. Азия — East Asia, Юж. Азия — South Asia, Юго-Вост. Азия — Southeast Asia, Сев. Америка — North America, Юж. Америка — South America, Сев. Африка — North Africa, Центр. Африка — Central Africa, Юж. Африка — South Africa, Австралия — Australia.

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