Исследован метаболический статус нетелей и коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы в предотельный и послеотельный период, соответственно, для выявления показателей, ассоциированных с возникновением устойчивой овариальной гипофункции. За 8, 6, 4 и 2 недели до отела и через 2 и 7 недель после отела у животных брали кровь для определения биохимических параметров. Функциональное состояние яичников оценивали через 7 и 9 недель лактации. Животных разделили на 3 группы: I — без признаков овариальной гипофункции, II — с умеренной, III — с глубокой гипофункцией. У нетелей II и III групп активность аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ) в крови была в 1,3 раза ниже (P<0,05) по сравнению с животными I группы за 6—8 и 4 недели до отела, соответственно. Активность аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ) за 4 недели до отела была в 1,2раза ниже (P<0,05) у особей III группы, по сравнению с животными I группы. В послеотельный период у коров II и III групп обнаружена более низкая (P<0,001) сывороточная концентрация альбуминов (в 1,1—1,2 раза) и общего холестерина (в 1,1—1,3 раза), чем у коров I группы. Через 7 недель после отела у животных III группы содержание триглицеридов и активность АЛТ в крови были в 1,3—1,5 раза ниже (P<0,05), а содержание билирубина и соотношение АСТ/АЛТ — в 1,3—1,5 раза выше (P<0,05), чем у особей I группы. Таким образом, у коров с устойчивой гипофункцией яичников в 1 лактацию наблюдались изменения биохимических показателей крови, связанные со снижением функции печени. Уменьшение активности АЛТ в крови нетелей до 10—11 МЕ/л за 4—8 недель до отела может служить ранним критерием повышенного риска возникновения гипофункции яичников, а в сочетании с уменьшением активности АСТ до 44 МЕ/л — глубокой формы данного расстройства. The metabolic status of pregnant heifers and primiparous cows of the Black Pied breed during the prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively, was studied to identify indicators associated with the occurrence of sustained ovarian hypofunction. 8, 6, 4, and 2 weeks before calving and 2 and 7 weeks after calving, the cows were bled to determine biochemical parameters. The functional state of the ovaries was evaluated after 7 and 9 weeks of lactation. The animals were divided into 3 groups: (I) without signs of ovarian hypofunction, (II) with the moderate hypofunction, (III) with the deep hypofunction. In heifers of groups II and III, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood was 1.3 times lower (P<0.05) compared with group I animals 6—8 and 4 weeks before calving, respectively. 4 weeks before calving, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 1.2-fold lower (P<0.05) in animals of group III than group I. During the postpartum period, a lower (P<0.001) serum concentration of albumin (1.1—1.2 times) and total cholesterol (1.1—1.3 times) was found in cows of groups II and III than group I cows. 7 weeks after calving, the triglyceride content and ALT activity in the blood were 1.3—1.5 times lower (P<0.05), and the bilirubin content and AST/ALT ratio were 1.3—1.5 times higher (P<0.05) in animals of the III group than in animals of the group I. Thus, in cows with sustained ovarian hypofunction in the first lactation, changes in blood biochemical parameters associated with a decrease in the liver function were observed. A decrease in ALT activity in the blood of heifers to 10—11 IU/L 4—8 weeks before calving can serve as an early criterion of an increased risk of ovarian hypofunction, and in combination with a decrease in AST activity to 44 IU/L, of a deep form of this disorder.

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Modified lipid metabolism has a negative effect on the fertility of cows. The aim of the research was to study lipid metabolism in the pre- and postpartum periods in primiparous cows with different signs of the impaired reproductive function. At 8, 6, 4 and 2 weeks before calving and 2 and 7 weeks after calving, the animals were bled to analyze the content of phospholipids and triglycerides. Based on the assessment of the functional state of the ovaries 7 and 9 weeks after calving, the cows were divided into three groups: I - without signs of ovarian hypofunction (n = 31), II - with moderate ovarian hypofunction (n = 13), III - with deep ovarian hypofunction (n = 14). After 12 months of lactation, animals without a diagnosis of deep ovarian hypofunction were divided into 3 groups: 1 - with an open days period of less than 125 days (n = 12), 2 - with an open days period of more than 125 days (n = 21), and 3 - cows that remained infertile (n = 11). The phospholipid concentration increased 1.6-1.9 times (p<0.001-0.05) between the 2nd and 7th weeks after calving in the blood of cows of all studied groups. Meanwhile, in groups II and 3, it decreased 1.4-1.5 times (p<0.05) between the 4th week before calving and the 2nd week of lactation. Seven weeks after calving, the phospholipid content in the blood of group I animals was 1.2-1.4 times higher (p<0.001-0.05) than in animals of groups II and III. In addition, this indicator after 2 and 7 weeks of lactation was 1.4-1.5 times higher (p<0.05) in group 1 than in group 3. The concentration of triglycerides decreased by 1.3 times (p<0.05) between the 2nd week before calving and the 2nd week after calving in the blood of group I cows and by 1.5-1.6 times (p<0.05) between the 6th week before calving and the 7th week after calving in groups II and III. In group 1, it increased 1.6 times (p<0.05) between the 8th and 2nd weeks before calving, and then decreased 1.5 times (p<0.05) by the 2nd week of lactation. This indicator decreased 1.4 times (p<0.01) between the 2nd week before calving and the 7th week of lactation in group 2 and did not change throughout the observation period in group 3. After 7 weeks of lactation, the content of triglycerides in the blood was 1.4 times higher (p <0.05) in group I than in groups II and III and was 1.3 times higher (p <0.05) in group 1 than in group 2. The data obtained suggest that the peculiarities of lipid metabolism during the pre- and postpartum periods are associated with various states of the reproductive system in primiparous cows.