Currently, in the forest industry, methods of test control of the technical condition of the elements of the hydraulic drive of forest harvester machines have been used, based on the creation of special impulse actions on the hydraulic drive in order to obtain transient characteristics, the analysis of which allows to determine their technical condition. However, these methods can only be used for maintenance or repair of machines. Analysis of the work performed to date shows that the task of developing and developing methods for monitoring the state of hydraulic drives of technological machines is an urgent task. This article presents the justification of the spectral method for monitoring the technical condition of hydraulic drives of forest harvester machines during the full life cycle, based on the control of its load when operating with woods.
Представлен алгоритм действий для принятия решений о замене (ремонте) элементов гидропривода транспортно-технологических машин или продолжении их функционирования по назначению (на примере гидроцилиндров). Предложенная методика предполагает проведение расчетов с помощью простейших при-емов теории марковских цепей по определению целесообразности дальнейшей эксплуатации элементов ги-дропривода по полученным значениям параметров диагностирования. В частности, с помощью переходной матрицы простой однородной дискретной цепи Маркова находится состояние гидроцилиндра, при котором перетечки рабочей жидкости внутри гидроцилиндра (утечки из штоковой полости гидроцилиндра) достигнут такого значения, при котором становится нецелесообразной дальнейшая эксплуатация машины из-за суще-ственного снижения ее производительности (или увеличении стоимости ее содержания из-за необходимости постоянной дозаправки рабочей жидкостью). Методика предусматривает использование результатов диагноза технического состояния элементов гидропривода с помощью имеющихся методов диагностики. Например, для гидроцилиндров можно использовать метод утечек, основанный на определении количества жидкости, вы-текшей из поршневой или штоковой полостей гидроцилиндра в крайних положениях поршня при подаче мак-симального давления рабочей жидкости в течение определенного времени. Расчетами доказано, что стратегия замены элементов гидропривода может быть основана на минимизации материальных затрат при предельно допустимых параметрах функционирования гидропривода, как и всей машины. Расчеты проведены на приме-ре гидроцилиндра подъема стрелы валочно-сучкорезно-раскряжевочной машины Харвестер JD 1470f при ее эксплуатации на лесопромышленном предприятии ООО «Лузалес» в Республике Коми -опорном пункте По-волжского государственного технологического университета. Данный регион приравнен к районам Крайнего Севера, где зимний период эксплуатации превышает по срокам летний период, что весьма важно для исследо-вания характера износа уплотнений гидроцилиндров и других резино-технических элементов гидропривода, подверженных воздействию отрицательных температур. Алгоритм определения стратегии замены элементов гидропривода основан на расчете полного суммарного дохода от эксплуатации машины.Ключевые слова: марковская цепь, диагноз, ресурс, доход, гидропривод, эффективность функционирования the method of determInInG the strateGY of repLaCInG hIGh pressUre hoses, hYdraULIC transport and teChnoLoGICaL maChInes pavlov a.I., tarbeev a.a. Povolzhsky State Technological University, Yoshkar-Ola, e-mail: PavlovAI@volgatech.netThe algorithm of actions for making decisions on the replacement (repair) of hydraulic drive elements of transport-technological machines or the continuation of their functioning by purpose (for example, hydraulic cylinders) is presented. The suggested technique assumes carrying out of calculations by means of the elementary receptions of the theory of Markov chains on definition of expediency of the further operation of elements of a hydraulic drive on the received ...
This article is devoted to the development of a method for determining the optimal operating time before replacing hydraulic drives of transport and technological machines using the obtained diagnostic data, which allows you to make a decision about the need to replace the elements of the hydraulic drive. The method is based on the use of the Markov chain theory, which allows us to determine the probability of transitions of hydraulic drive elements from a serviceable to a faulty state based on the results of previous inspections of machines. In this case, a simple homogeneous discrete Markov chain is used, described by a transition matrix, in which the transition probabilities allow us to identify the state in which the replacement of the hydraulic drive element is required, in particular – the high-pressure hose. With timely detection and prevention of defects associated with failures, it becomes obvious to reduce material losses, but premature replacement of expensive hydraulic drive elements will be accompanied by unreasonable costs due to underutilization of their resource. In this regard, the application of the developed method for determining the optimal operating time allows you to ensure maximum efficiency of the machine and minimum operating costs. The maximum total economic effect was used as a criterion for evaluating the efficiency of transport and technological machines.
The substantiation of the oscillatory method for monitoring the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinders of manipulator-type machines is presented on the example of the boom hydraulic cylinder of a John Deere 1470 forest machine. The results of numerical simulation of dynamic processes in pressure cavities of hydraulic cylinders of manipulator-type machines are described on the basis of a developed mathematical model based on the method of theoretical description of the hydraulic drive structural components using hydromechanical circuits. The hydraulic system of the hydraulic drive boom was adopted as the calculated one. For the formation of dynamic processes in the pressure cavity of the hydraulic cylinder of the boom drive of the described machine, a shut-off valve installed in the drain line is used. This valve made it possible to provide an almost instantaneous stop of the piston, resulting in a hydraulic shock. The calculations also used the method of forming a hydraulic shock with an almost instantaneous stop of the piston at the end of its stroke. The research allowed us to justify the most informative parameter for monitoring the current technical condition of hydraulic cylinders in the functional mode-the logarithmic decrement of damped oscillations, as well as to develop a new hydro-shock method for monitoring the technical condition of hydraulic cylinders.
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