Background: Renal transplantation remains the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, as the procedure not only improves quality of life, but also markedly increases patients' survival rates. Organ and patient survival rates are important issues of interest post-transplantation. Aim: To determine the 1-year survival rate of renal transplant, we studied graft function, which is a predictor of survival, among those who received a kidney transplant in the time period between February 2012 and February 2013 at Montaserie Organ Transplantation Hospital. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study planned to determine patient and organ survival rates after kidney transplantation from living and deceased donors during a 1-year period. We also tried to clarify factors resulting in graft loss. Designated variables were collected using checklists and subsequently entered into SPSS software version 17 and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and descriptive statistics. Results: From 173 patients included in the study, 67.1% (n=116) were female. The mean age of the recipients was 33±12.85 years. In the majority of cases, cause of end-stage renal disease was not clear (n=89, 51.44%). Urinary tract infection (23.1%) was the commonest post-operative complication, followed by delayed graft function, which was diagnosed in 22 (12.7%) recipients. Seventeen cases of graft rejection (9.8%) were recorded and 4 (2.3%) of these cases underwent nephrectomy that will be regarded as graft loss in this paper. Therefore, 1-year graft survival was 90.2%. Graft survival in cadaveric and live-donor recipients was 90.8% and 88.7%, respectively. As there was no mortality reported among graft recipients, 1-year patient survival rate was 100%. It was found that graft rejection was marginally, but not significantly, higher with female donors. (p=0.05). Conclusion: One-year graft survival in our cohort was comparable with reports from the large centers in the world. Female donor can be a possible negative factor for graft outcome.

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