Phenylacetyl isothiocyanate (1) was reacted with benzoyl hydrazine (2a) in acetonitrile to give thiosemicarbazide derivative 3 which was cyclized by polyphosphoric acid to give 1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione derivative 4. Treatment of 1 with thiosemicarbazide (2b) yielded another 1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione derivative 5. Similar treatment of 1 with phenyl hydrazine (2c) in acetonitrile gave a differently substituted 1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione derivative 6 in one pot-reaction. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in acetone, a mixture of 6 and thiadiazolidine derivative 7 was obtained. However, reaction of 1 with hydrazine hydrate (2d) gave hydrazine derivative 8. Reaction of isothiocyanate 1 with anthranilic acid (9) gave benzo [d] [1,3,6]oxazin-1-one derivative 10. Treatment of 1 with 2-aminothiophenol (11a), 2-aminophenol (11b) or o-phenylenediamine (11c) produced benzothiazole derivative 12a, benzoxazole derivative 12b and benzimidazole derivative 12c, respectively. The structures of all the products were confirmed by micro-analytical and spectral data.

The basic chromosome complement of the Egyptian male locust, Anacridium aegyptium; collected from Giza Governorate, Egypt, is 2N = 22 + XO. All autosomes and sex chromosome are telocentric. The autosomes can be divided into three size-groups; three long (L 1 -L 3 ), five medium (M 4 -M 8 ) and three short chromosomes (S 9 -S 11 ). The X-member is the longest member of all chromosomes. An extra telocentric B-chromosome was detected in two males of the collected locusts, nearly equal in size with S 10 -member and thus the chromosome complement of these males is 2N = 22 + XO + B. The origin of this extra member is discussed through its behaviour through meiosis that studied. The B-chromosome was frequently observed neighbouring the X-chromosome through most of the meiotic stages and this behaviour reinforces the present suggested hypothesis that B-chromosome was originated from X-chromosome.

Metal pollution results in many dangerous consequences to the environment and human health due to the bioaccumulation in their tissues. The present study aims to measure the bioaccumulation factor of the Manganese (Mn) heavy metal in Biomphlaria alexandrina snails' tissues and water samples. The present results showed the concentration of Mn heavy metal in water (87.5 mg/l) and its bioaccumulation factor in Helisoma duryi tissue was higher than that in tissues of Physa acuta and B. alexandrina snails. Results showed that 87.5 mg/l Mn concentration had miracidial and cercaricidal activities. Also, this concentration decreased the mean total number of the hemocytes after exposure for 24h or 48h, while increased both the mean mortality and phagocytic indices of the hemocytes of exposed snails. It caused alterations in the cytomorphology of the hemocytes of exposed snails after 24 or 48h, where, the granulocytes had irregular cell membrane, and forming pseudopodia. Besides, both levels of Testosterone (T) and Estradiol (E) were increased after exposure to 87.5mg/l Mn metal compared to the control group. Also, it increased MDA (Malonaldehyde) and TAC (Total antioxidant capacity) contents, while, decreased SOD (superoxide dismutase). Besides, it caused great histopathological damages in both hermaphrodite and digestive glands, represented in the degeneration of the gonadal, digestive, secretory cells and the connective tissues. Therefore, B. alexandrina might be used as sensitive bio-indicator of pollution with Mn heavy metal to avoid ethics rules; beside they are easily available and large in number.

Egyptian garden slug digestive gland thymol Histology Cytology The present work included biological studies, morphological and anatomical features, beside histological and ultrastructural alternations due to effects of the botanical thymol, as poison bait, on the digestive gland of the Egyptian giant garden slug, Limax maximus (Family: Limacidae) after treating it with LC 50 and LC 90 for 48 hrs. Thymol is considered as a botanic molluscicidal mono-terpenoid, that is found in several plants. The estimated value of LC 50 and LC 90 of thymol are 269.77 and 362.79 ppm respectively. The effect of LC 90 on the digestive gland caused severe histological changes and ultrastructural abnormalities; as: cytoplasmic vacuolation, scattered toxic agents, degeneration of some nuclei and cells, rupture of microvilli, increasing of calcium spherules inside secretory cells and wide-fused vacuoles. So, thymol may be of great value in the field to control the target slug, as safe and economic molluscicide, which no harm upon ecosystems instead of using chemical pesticides that could pollute the environment.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.