Introduction: Treatment of HCV with direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with the different regimen dramatically changed the outcomes of the disease beside its eradication. In the same time hematological concerns as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia were a major factor before initiation, or during treatment with the antiviral drugs. Aim: To demonstrate hematological changes during and after treatment with different regimen of DAAs. Methods: Follow up the hematological changes before, during and after treatment for 100 patients with chronic HCV treated with five different sofosbuvir-based regimen; using interferon, ribavirin, simeprevir and daclatasvir. Results: There are no similar linear changes regarding anemia, leucopenia or thrombocytopenia, however, combination therapy using sofosbuvir with simeprevir or daclatasvir significantly increase platelets count, WBCs, and hemoglobin level during and after end of treatment, versus regimens uses sofosbuvir with ribavirin and or interferon that showed significantly decreased hematological values during and after treatment. Conclusion: Sofosbuvir-based regimen has favorable hematological changes in patients with chronic HCV infection during and after treatments especially with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir.

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Background and Aim: Non-invasive assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in desirability due to the invasive nature and costs associated with the current form of assessment by liver biopsy. Quantitative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to measure liver fat (proton density fat fraction) is an emerging alternative which could be utilized as safe surrogate to liver biopsy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of multi-parametric MRI for hepatic steatosis in patients having NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with NAFLD were recruited into this cross-sectional study and were screened using non-invasive imaging technique; mpMRI. Patients were biopsied, and samples were scored by one expert hepato-pathologist. The diagnostic performance of mpMRI was assessed using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with the median of the histology scores as the gold standard diagnoses. Results: AUROC for Magnetic resonance spectroscopy proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF ) was 1.000 (p =0.0001; 95% CI = 1.000-1.000), a cut-off value of 32.5 had the best sensitivity (97.5%) and specificity (100%).The AUROC for fat fraction (FF) index was 0.995 (p =0.0001; 95% CI = 1.000-0.985), a cut-off value of 22.5 had the best sensitivity (97.2%) and optimal specificity (84%). The AUROC for water fraction index (WF) was 0.998 (p =0.0001; 95% CI = 1.000-0.991), a cut-off value of 22.5 had the best sensitivity (97.2%) and optimal specificity (92%). Conclusions: Quantitative mpMRI is an effective alternative to liver biopsy for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver, and thus may offer clinical utility in patient management.

The current study was conducted to evaluate three different types of bee propolis-collection traps in propolis production in addition traditional method during the experimental period extended from July, 2017 until June, 2018. Two different locations were chosen for this study; New Valley governorate (El-Hindaw village, Dakhla region) and in Qalyubia governorate (Kalama village, Qalyub region). The results showed that, (Type2) trap "Hand-cut fiber screens with holes 1 mm." outperformed all other types of bee-collection traps in terms of the amount of bee propolis produced, followed by (Type 1) trap " Glass slides", then (Type 3) trap " Hand-cut plastic screens with holes 2 mm", while the lowest amount of bee propolis collected was in traditional method (hand collection). The results also revealed that, the highest amount of bee propolis collected was in July with an average of 11.19 and 5.96 gm/colony in the New Valley and Qalyubia governorates, respectively. Regarding the season, summer season significantly had the highest amounts of bee propolis produced with an average of 8.46 and 4.87 gm/colony, while the autumn season had the lowest amounts of bee propolis produced with an average of 1.61 and 0.83 gm/colony in the New Valley and Qalyubia governorates, respectively. It can be concluded that, the highest annual average of the collected bee propolis /colony was obtained with (Type, 2) trap 5.68 and 3.57 gm, while the lowest annual average was recorded in traditional method with an average of 3.75 and 1.93 gm/colony in the New Valley and Qalyubia governorates, respectively.