The present work aims to study some physical and mechanical properties of squash fruit (Cucurbita pepo), to serve as a database to be used in the design and development of machines used in postharvest processes such as extraction machines for squash fruit. The main results in this study can be summarized as follows: The average fruit length and diameter were 238.72 and 92.17 mm respectively. The average volume. was 819.26 cm 3 . The average mass was 614.34 g. The fruit's real density of the sample ranged between 0.72 and 1.3 g/cm 3 (average 0.8 g/cm 3 ). The fruit projected area of the sample ranges between 187.53 and 257.5cm 2 (average 219.97 cm 2 ). The maximum friction angle of 30 degree and the rolling angle of 27 degree were obtained with the wood surface. Whereas, the minimum friction and rolling angles of 19 and 13 degree respectively, were obtained with aluminum surface. The maximum and minimum penetration forces were 48.88 and 44.5 N, respectively. The firmness distribution along the squash surface at 10 and 5mm from the top of the fruit were 115.68 and 105.33N/cm 2 , respectively. The maximum, minimum and average axial cutting forces of squash fruits were 68, 35 and 43.75N, respectively. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics such as range (maximum "Max" and minimum "Min"), mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), frequency distribution, and coefficient of correlation by using a spreadsheet software program (Microsoft Excel 365) .

The aim of this research is to study the variables influencing the mechanical coating of quinoa seeds. These factors are coating speed, temperature and time, and seed lot. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points, the maximum quinoa-seed germinations of 90.5, 94.3, and 81.4 % by utilizing the covering unit speed of 28 rpm, covering season of 15 minutes, covering temperature of 30 °C, and covering with "Fe + Zn", "Fe + Zn + Cersan" and dirt individually. In the meantime, the base quinoa-seed germinations of 24.6, 35.4, and 22.5 % by utilizing the covering unit speed of 36 rpm, covering season of 60 minutes, covering temperature of 70 °C, and covering with similar constitutions separately, the maximum machine limit of covered quinoa seeds of 9.0 kg/h was acquired utilizing seeds-group mass of 2.5 kg and covering unit speed of 36 rpm. In the meantime, the base machine limit of covered quinoa seeds of 0.85 kg/h was acquired utilizing seeds-group mass of 0.5 kg and covering unit speed of 20 rpm, the maximum and creation costs at ideal boundaries (lot mass of 2.5 kg, covering unit speed of 28 rpm, covering temperature of 30 °C, covering season of 15 minutes, and covering with "Fe + Zn + Cersan") were 14.15 L. E./h and 4238 L.E./ton.

The aim of this research is to study the variables influencing the mechanical coating of quinoa seeds. These factors are coating speed, temperature and time, and seed lot. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points, the maximum quinoa-seed germinations of 90.5, 94.3, and 81.4 % by utilizing the covering unit speed of 28 rpm, covering season of 15 minutes, covering temperature of 30 °C, and covering with "Fe + Zn", "Fe + Zn + Cersan" and dirt individually. In the meantime, the base quinoa-seed germinations of 24.6, 35.4, and 22.5 % by utilizing the covering unit speed of 36 rpm, covering season of 60 minutes, covering temperature of 70 °C, and covering with similar constitutions separately, the maximum machine limit of covered quinoa seeds of 9.0 kg/h was acquired utilizing seeds-group mass of 2.5 kg and covering unit speed of 36 rpm. In the meantime, the base machine limit of covered quinoa seeds of 0.85 kg/h was acquired utilizing seeds-group mass of 0.5 kg and covering unit speed of 20 rpm, the maximum and creation costs at ideal boundaries (lot mass of 2.5 kg, covering unit speed of 28 rpm, covering temperature of 30 °C, covering season of 15 minutes, and covering with "Fe + Zn + Cersan") were 14.15 L. E./h and 4238 L.E./ton.

This research aim is to study the factors affecting the mechanical planting of coated quinoa seeds. The tested parameters of mechanical planting of coated quinoa seeds are metering-device and forward speeds on seed damage and discharge, seed germination and emergence, missing hills and double plants percentage, planter ground-wheel slip and quinoa-seed yield. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points: The maximum quinoa coated-seed discharge of 5.50 kg/feddan (feddan = 4200 m² = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres) was obtained with a metering-device speed of 20 rpm. Meanwhile, the minimum quinoa coatedseed discharge of 3.10 kg/feddan was obtained with a metering-device speed of 60 rpm. The maximum quinoa plant-emergence of 75.6 % was obtained with a forward speed of 1.82 km/h. Meanwhile, the minimum quinoa plant-emergence of 63.6 % was obtained with a forward speed of 4.79 km/h. By increasing forward speed from 1.82 to 4.79 km/h the total quinoa seed yield decreased from 850 to 650 kg/feddan.