Evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has received a lot of attention for detailed study on pharmacokinetics prior to clinical application. In this study, pure C-SiO 2 (crystalline silica) NPs and SiO 2 nanocomposites with silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by utilizing different synthesis routes such as sol−gel and co-precipitation techniques. The prepared NPs showed highly crystalline nature as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis where average crystallite sizes of 35, 16, and 57 nm for C-SiO 2 , Ag-SiO 2 , and ZnO-SiO 2 NPs, respectively, were calculated. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups related to the chemicals and procedures used for sample preparation. Due to agglomeration of the prepared NPs, the scanning electron microscope images showed large particle sizes when compared to their crystalline sizes. The optical properties of the prepared NPs such as absorption were obtained with UV−Vis spectroscopy. For in vivo biological evaluation, albino rats, both male and female, kept in different groups were exposed to NPs with 500 μg/kg dose. Hematological, serum biochemistry, histo-architecture, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant parameters in liver tissues along with various biomarkers for the evaluation of erythrocytes were estimated. The results on hemato-biochemistry, histopathological ailments, and oxidative stress parameters exhibited 95% alteration in the liver and erythrocytes of C-SiO 2 NPs-treated rats while 75 and 60% alteration in the liver tissues of rats due to exposure to Ag-SiO 2 and ZnO-SiO 2 NPs, respectively, when compared with the albino rats of the control (untreated) group. Therefore, the current study showed that the prepared NPs had adverse effects on the liver and erythrocytes causing hepatotoxicity in the albino rats in respective order C-SiO 2 > Ag SiO 2 > ZnO-SiO 2 . As the C-SiO 2 NPs appeared to be the most toxic, it has been concluded that coating SiO 2 on Ag and ZnO reduced their toxicological impact on albino rats. Consequently, it is suggested that Ag-SiO 2 and ZnO-SiO 2 NPs are more biocompatible than C-SiO 2 NPs.

A series of W-type Ba-based Co-W ferrites with composition BaCoxCd2-xFe16O27 (x ═ 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) were fabricated by co-precipitation process at sintering 1100 °C for 8 h. In order to investigate structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties XRD, FTIR, IV and VSM tools were employed to confirm the formation of ferrites phase. Crystallite size was observed in the range of 71.79 – 27.88 nm with the increase of cobalt contents to confirm the formation of W-type phase. FTIR investigated the existence of metal oxide (M – O). Electrical resistivity increased in the range of 0.2315 x 107 – 0.5329 x 107 ohm.cm. Saturation magnetization (Ms) of the synthesized sample were observed in the range (37.36 emu/g to 87.42 emu/g) and remanance (Mr) found (2.21 emu/g to 27.81 emu/g) while coercivity (Hc) observed in the range (42.58 Oe to 346.55 Oe). Explored results revealed that such type of behavior by material is suitable for application of magnetic recording media.

A series W-type BaMe2Fe16O27 ferrites withcomposition BaZnxCo1-xFe16O27(x ═ 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 &0.5) were manufactured by co-precipitation method sintering at 1100°C for 8 h. XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-vis and I-V techniques were applied to investigate structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties respectively. Crystallite size was observed in the range of (37.58 nm- 54.75 nm) revealed by XRD and was confirmed by SEM analysis. IR exposed the existence of metal oxides (M -O). Optical band gap was in (3.0 eV- 5.2 eV) range which proved the trend of DC resistivity in increasing trend. Activation energy discovered the conversion of ferrimagnetism to paramagnetism characteristics confirming the W-type materials are highly suitable for novel application.

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