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Forty-four non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD), all with urine negative to Albustix, were studied in 1966/67. By the end of 1980, 17 had died, all but two from cardiovascular causes. All causes of mortality and time to death were significantly related in univariate analyses to age and to the overnight urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), but not to systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels or to duration of diabetes when the latter was corrected for age. Age and duration were highly correlated with each other. In multivariate analyses age and AER were independent predictors of both mortality and time to death, with AER having the greater degree of significance. Thus subclinically elevated albumin excretion rates ('microalbuminuria') indicate a substantially increased mortality risk in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

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terms: 'haemangiopericytoma and kidney', 'renal haemangiopericytoma', in any language available, in all Document types. All cases of a renal origin were recorded, and the data extracted were: age, sex, symptoms at presentation, the size and weight of the tumours, the therapeutic methods used, and the outcome of each patient. When the article was not available the abstracts served as a source of information.The search produced 37 cases, and the present case is the 38th, and the second presenting with metastases. Follow-up information, with a mean (range) of 2.25 (0.25-11) years, was available for 18 patients. The review of reports for HPCs in general served as a source of information about the clinical behaviour, diagnostic examinations and the overall prognosis, as such data were scarce in the available articles for tumours in the kidney. RESULTS AGE AND SEXThe mean (median, range) age of the patients at the time of the initial diagnosis and surgical operation was 40.3 (39,

Evidence-based medicine is rapidly becoming an indispensable part of everyday medical practice. Common terminology is necessary for proper evaluation of SWL. Different types of studies are required to investigate efficacy, compare SWL to other options, complications and so on. Randomized clinical trials are of the highest value; matched-pair analyses and well designed controlled studies can offer significant help.