Carbon emission has been considerably higher in India in the last few decades. The greenhouse gases increased to an imaginary volume, a major contributor to global warming. Chennai is one of India’s large cosmopolitan cities, contributing more Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and carbon to the atmosphere. The infrastructure sector is always a booming sector in and around Chennai, which requires more construction materials. In turn, the construction of new buildings expands the city with a large area of urban and suburban Chennai, where I.T. division, automobile division, and industrial estates are available. Hence, this study deals with the carbon emission of a residential building constructed with conventional materials in and around Chennai. So, one can estimate the emission of carbon by the conventional building, which leads to global warming and climate change.

Sisal fiber reinforced nanosilica and cardanol oil toughened epoxy composites were prepared and characterized in this present work. The main aim of this study was to understand the importance of adding cardanol oil and nanosilica to sisal-reinforced epoxy composites in enhancing the load bearing, thermal stability, and antimicrobial properties. The composites were fabricated by the hand layup process and specimens were cut using a water jet machine. The composites were tested using the respective ASTM standards. The results found that the blending of cardanol oil makes the epoxy less brittle and the composites are environment friendly. Similarly, nanosilica with sisal fiber in cardanol oil blended epoxy composites showed improved mechanical properties. The highest tensile strength and modulus were found to be 56% and 64% than pure epoxy resin. The maximum impact resistances and hardness values observed for the composites are 6.48 J and 91 shore-D. Moreover, improved fatigue life counts were observed for composite designation ECN2, which contains 1.0 vol% of nanosilica, but also a decrement in it if the volume percentage was increased to 2.0. The antimicrobial properties improved with the increment of nanosilica and cardanol oil content. These eco-friendly, mechanically toughened biocomposites could be used in drug and food storage, automotives, drones, structural, and sports goods as well as in household appliances manufacturing.

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