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PurposeTo describe late ocular changes in 5 women after harmful use of donated closantel (Flukiver).MethodsThe study included 5 women from the report published by Hoen and Hodgkin in The Lancet journal in 1993 about 11 cases of donated veterinary drug closantel use in Lithuania. We analysed medical records from 1993 to 2015 and performed eye examination of 5 suffered patients 22 years after the event.The study was conducted at the Centre of Eye Diseases,Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos,it adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.Eye examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), perimetry, colour vision(CV), tonometry, slit lamp evaluation, fundus photography and optical coherent tomography.ResultsIn 2015 the mean age of the patients was 49.4 years In 1993 BCVA varied from 0.08 to 1.0.Right eye (RE)in average‐ 0.66, left eye(LE) – 0.68. In 2015 BCVA varied from 0.1 to 1.0.RE in average – 0.7 and LE – 0.6.22 years after the event average visual field defect in the right eye was 24.13 dB and in the left eye ‐ 23.85 dB.CV Ishihara test showed decreased green color perception in 3 patients and 2 were not able to perform it, because of the visual field defects.The average central macular thickness 216.0 ± 36.1 µm in RE and 196.0 ± 42.0 µm in LE, retinal nerve fiber layer respectively 86.0 ± 11.0 µm and 93.2 ± 5.4 µm. Ophthalmoscopy showed atrophy of the optic nerve and changes of the retina reminding those in retinitis pigmentosa.ConclusionsClosantel is veterinary drug causing decades lasting damage of the optic nerve and retina in humans. Visual functions don't correlate with central macular and retinal fiber layer thickness.Fundus photography and perimetry reveal changes similar to retinitis pigmentosa. To our knowledge this is the first report about the late outcomes of closantel toxicity in humans.

Background. Preterm birth is a very relevant problem. Retinopathy of prematurity in its severe forms causes visual impairment or can lead to blindness. The aim of the present study was to describe the visual outcome in prematurely born and full-term children at the preschool age and to evaluate the effects of prematurity per se, ROP, and treatment on visual acuity and refractive errors.Materials and methods. A prospective study on the incidence of ROP during 2006-2008 included 103 preterm infants. 81 had ROP and 22 had no history of ROP; 40 were age-matched healthy children. All underwent a complete ophthalmic examination.Results. Significant myopia (≤ -0.50D) in prematurely born children differed from full-term ones. The ROP treated group had the highest prevalence of myopia (P < 0.001). Astigmatism (>2D) was dominant in the premature group (39%) as compared with the control group (0%) (P < 0.05). 65% had significant anisometropia and 35% had high anisometropia in the preterm group and only 5% had significant anisometropia in the full-term group (P = 0.014). Within the preterm group, the ROP treated children had the highest frequency of anisometropia and strabismus (P = 0.001). Visual acuity was significantly better in the full-term than in prematurely born children (P < 0.001). Three children (7.7%) of the premature ROP treated group were visually impaired.Conclusions. Refractive errors, astigmatism, anisometropia and strabismus were more common in prematurely born children than in those born at term, especially the ROP treated group. ROP outcome and prematurity per se remain risk factors for visual impairment to prematurely born children at preschool age.

Purpose To compare choroidal thickness of emetropic eyes and ones with different degree of myopia in young adults. Methods 40 participants (80 eyes) had choroidal measurements using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography at three locations: fovea, 3mm nasally and 3mm temporally to it. According to their refractive error patients were divided into 3 groups: emetropia (from +0.5 D to ‐0.5 D)‐ 22 eyes, mild to moderate degree myopia (from ‐1.0 D to ‐6.0 D) ‐ 34 eyes, high degree myopia (‐6.0 D & greater) ‐ 24 eyes. Axial length biometry and autorefractometry were also performed. Results The mean age of the participants was 23.6 years (standard deviation ± 1.5). The average choroidal thickness at fovea, 3mm nasally and 3mm temporally was estimated to be 352.5 (median 328.0, interquartile range 116.5) µm, 161.0 (139.0, 88.5) µm and 311.6, (298.5, 101.5) µm respectively. Subfoveal and temporal choroid was significantly thinner in high degree myopic eyes than in the group of low to moderate myopia and emetropic eyes (p < 0.05). At the fovea the choroid was thicker than nasally and temporally to it (p<0.05). A moderate negative correlation was found between the thickness of the choroid and the degree of myopia (ρ= ‐0.44; p < 0.01). Axial length was significantly shorter in normal vision group than in the groups of myopia (p < 0.05) and correlated negatively with the central choroidal thickness (ρ= ‐0.47; p < 0.01). Conclusion Myopic young adults had significantly thinner central choroid layer compared to emetropic individuals. At all measured locations the choroidal thickness decreased with the higher degree of myopia and longer axial length.