Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by <i>Phoma medicaginis</i>, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to <i>P. medicaginis</i> infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (<i>M. truncatula</i>, <i>M. ciliaris</i>, and <i>M. polymorpha</i>) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. <i>Medicago ciliaris</i> was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for <i>M. truncatula</i> under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that <i>M. ciliaris</i> lines formed a separate group under control treatment and <i>P. medicaginis</i> infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that <i>M. ciliaris</i> is the least susceptible in response to <i>P. medicaginis</i> infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of <i>P. medicaginis</i> resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.

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We study the elastic interaction between a pair of partial dislocations, resulting from the dissociation of a perfect dislocation, and a bimetallic interface. The forces that act on two partials dislocations are the forces due to elastic interaction between the partial and image forces due to interactions of partial dislocations with interface. We are interested in the eect of image force on width of the stacking fault ribbon between two Schockley partials. We show that the separation of two partials dislocations is modied compared to that in the single crystal. It depends on the ratio of shear modulus and the distance between the interface and the dislocation.

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This paper deals with a text-specific translation. It covers the translation of a non-literary text which falls under the subject field of marketing. It aims at investigating the translation strategies used in the translation of advertisements as a recent orientation in the field of translation, which is advertisements' translation. The paper is composed of a theoretical aspect and a practical one. The theoretical aspect, introduces an overview of translation (translation studies) notably; specialised translation, the translation of a text-specific nature in the field of advertising is, then, introduced and defined, as well as the translation strategies and techniques used for rendering this type of items. In the practical aspect, the translation strategies used to render English advertisement slogans into Arabic are investigated by means of a corpus of English slogans (comparable component) with their Arabic counterparts (parallel component). Their analysis is conducted to provide information about thequantity (frequency of the translation methods used in this context) and quality of these translating methods.