Currently, the demand for more robust, economic, and quality products has increased the complexity in the integrated process development and product design model. In the knowledge economy century, all nations are competing to innovate new technologies to develop a new system that produces goods in less time and cost with compatible quality. Hence, a new IPPD model is needed to offer support and information/technology sharing during the entire product life cycle. The new IPPD model proposed that integrate all domains shall affect the product development. The model has a friendly computerized interface supported with internet enablers that offer support to the user to collect and share data easily. This model contains 6 domains. The Business Environment is the first domain, which analyzing the pre-feasibility of the product creation. The second domain is the market analysis and segmentation taking into consideration customer needs and competition. Managerial readiness of the product developing company is the third domain, including all managerial functions and the necessity of implementing the organizational change techniques if necessary. The fourth domain is Technological creation and deals with product concepts and robust quality design. Production/Launch is the fifth domain which consists of production processes and quality techniques to assure producing with the required quality and price levels. Finally, the sixth domain deals with the vital information of product distribution, maintenance and after-market service. The model is easily adapted to the industry need.
Within the knowledge Economy century all nations competing to innovate new technologies leading to an introduction of robust, economic and quality products. The relation between the different domains affecting such capability were given in an integrated system to lead to above results. The first domain is the Business environment it was analyzed to lead to the pre-feasibility of the product creation. The second domain is the market analysis, segmentation taking into consideration customer needs and competition. The third step in the proposed system is the managerial readiness of the product developing company including all managerial functions and the necessity of implementing the organizational change techniques if necessary. The first engineering critical domain of the technology creation which product concepts and robust quality design was analyzed considering the design innovative methodologies, theories, techniques and relevant software. The production processes and quality techniques to assure producing with the required quality and price levels was given. Finally the necessaries of product distribution, service and after market was given in brief. The system was supported by the related internet enable and the latest software via hyperlinks. The above model was implemented in Egypt and foreign countries leading to very good results.
The calculation of direct costs, which mainly consist of consumables and labor, is not difficult for special-ists. Indirect costs, also known as overhead costs, often create problems for the accountant when determining the exact cost price. The article considers the issue of calculating indirect costs as a new, more improved approach to calculating the final cost of an object and its costs. The article considers an example of the use of ABC in the construction of a library hall and its potential advantages compared to traditional costs. The project can cover cost control by implementing an activity-based cost calculation system.
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