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Twenty four female KF calves were selected and distributed randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals each based on their body weight and age in a randomised block design (RBD). In group T 1 , the concentrate mixture consisted of mineral mixture without iodine. The animals in group T 2 and T 3 were supplemented with iodine at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm of dietary DM while in group T 4 , 4 micronutrients i.e. chromium, niacin, vitamin E and Zn were supplemented @ 1.5, 600 40 and 40 ppm, respectively for 150 days. Results showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in both the season in morning rectal temperature. However in afternoon rectal temperature significant (<0.01) difference was observed in treatment groups. The rectal temperature was significantly (P<0.05) higher in summer as compared to winter. Pulse rate was significantly (P<0.05) differ among the overall treatment groups. The mean morning pulse rate was significantly (P<0.01) higher in winter as compare to summer. Interestingly in afternoon pulse rate is significantly (P<0.05) higher in summer as compare to winter. In morning respiration rate there is no significant difference observed due to treatment groups In winter season and summer season .however in afternoon respiration rate was significantly lower in treatment group (T 4 ) as compare to other .In season wise respiration rate was significantly (P<0.01) higher in summer as compare to winter. Cortisol (ng/ ml) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T 4 (1.55 a ±0.13) groups than T 1 (2.19 b ±0.21) group. However in season wise mean plasma cortisol (ng/ ml) levels was significantly (P<0.01) higher in summer as compared to winter. This study concludes that the micronutrients are beneficial for comforts of animals and it should be altered according to season i.e. to decrease the stress levels of animal and increase efficiency K e y w o r d s

This study was done to investigate the influence of chromium sources (organic; Cr-Methionine and inorganic; Crcl3) on the performance of Gimmizah chickens fed low metabolizable energy (LME) or low metabolizable energy and crude protein (LMECP) diets. A total number of 280 (245 hens + 35 cocks) of Gimmizah chickens (aged 28-weeks) were individually weighed and randomly divided into seven treatment groups, with five replicates for each (7 hens+1cock) and housed (open system) in 35 floor pens during the experimental period (28 -44 weeks of age). The first group was fed the basal diet and served as a control (2750 kcal ME/kg diet + 17.0 %CP). The second one was fed low metabolizable energy diet (LME, 2600 kcal ME/kg diet + 17.0 % CP). The third group was fed low metabolizable energy and crude protein diet (LMECP, 2600 kcal ME/kg diet and 15.5 %CP).While the fourth and fifth groups were fed LME diet supplemented with 1200 µg/kg diet of organic or inorganic chromium (Cr), respectively. Whereas the sixth and seventh groups were fed LMECP diet supplemented with 1200 µg/kg diet of organic or inorganic Cr, respectively. The groups fed LME supplemented with both sources of Cr significantly improved egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell thickness, Haugh units and SWUSA compared with the groups fed LME and LMECP diets and similarly equal with the control group. Layers fed LME supplemented with organic Cr significantly increased fertility, hatchability percent of both total and fertile eggs and chick weights compared with the groups fed LME or LMECP diets and were statistically equal with the control group. The blood concentration of total lipids, triglycerides, Ca, MDA, TAC, GSH and insulin were significantly improved for groups fed LME or LMECP supplemented with both sources of Cr compared with the other groups. Blood concentration of cholesterol, heterophil, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index for the group fed LME diet supplemented with organic Cr were significantly improved compared with the groups fed LME and LMECP diets. Economical efficiency value indicated that the group fed LME diet supplied with organic Cr recorded the highest economical efficiency (1.13) and relative economical efficiency (113.6 %) compared with the control group. In conclusion, addition both sources of Cr for LME diet improved and recovery the layer performance to the control group. However, addition of organic Cr for LME diet recorded the best economical efficiency compared with the other experimental groups.

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The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use.Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. ABSTRACT Article History