The antimalarial activities of the tablet suspension of the bark and leaf of Azadirachta indica were evaluated on Plasmodium yoelli nigeriensis infected mice. The tablet suspensions exhibited high prophylactic, mode-rate suppressive and a very minimal curative schizonticidal effect. No animal was cured of the infection in the curative test and there was not much increase in the survival time of the animals compared with the control. The tablet suspensions from the leaf and bark at a concentration of 800 mg/kg and chloroquine at a concentration of 62.5 mg/kg body weight produced average percentage (%) parasitaemia of 79.6%, 68.2% and 99.5% for leaf, bark and chloroquine, respectively, in chemosuppression. Also in the prophylactic treatment, the tablet suspensions at 800 mg/kg and pyrimethamine at a concentration of 0.35 mg/kg gave an average parasitaemia reduction of 75.3%, 65.6% and 98.3% for the leaf, bark and pyrimethamine, respectively. There was a clear indication that both tablet suspensions from the leaf and bark possess antimalarial activity and a suspension from the former is relatively more effective than the bark. Extrapolation of the results from the antimalarial activity of the tablet suspension of the crude plant parts showed that an adult human would need to ingest a minimum of 48 g of the powdered plant material per day, an amount that is impracticable. A survival index value of 0.33 was obtained with the 800 mg/kg dose level, indicating that the tablet suspension has some moderate beneficial effect.

The hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Verbanaceae) was studied in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract was administered orally to the rats and blood glucose level was monitored for 7 h. Results indicate that the aqueous extract (750 mg kg(-1)) produced a significant blood glucose reduction in both normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The present result therefore appears to support the use of the plant aqueous extract for the management of type 2 diabetes by traditional medical practitioners in Northern Nigeria. The mechanism of action of the aqueous extract needs to be studied.

Introduction:The dry powdered leaf of Vernonia galamensis (Asteraceae) has been used by traditional herbalists in northern Nigeria to treat diabetes mellitus. However, medicinal plants used in folk medicine have no standard dose or acceptable method of formulation. In this study therefore, the leaves of Vernonia galamensis (Asteraceae) were extracted, evaluated for pharmacological activity and formulated into tablets. Materials and Methods: The extract was found to be highly hygroscopic and deliquescent, therefore the following efflorescent diluents; aerosil® 200 (GmbH, Meggle, Germany), avicel PH 101 (Honey Well and Stein, UK), and anhydrous calcium phosphate (BDH chemicals, England) were used. The wet granulation method was employed for the tablet formulation and the compaction characteristics of the granules were determined using the Heckel equation. Results and Conclusions: Negative intercepts were a setback to the use of the Heckel equation due to the resulting negative values of D A and D B . This makes it difficult to explain the compaction characteristics of the crude extract. AbstractAccess this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.pnrjournal.com

No abstract

No abstract