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As the extension to the research involving woven and natural fibre hybrid composites, this study characterise the mechanical properties of natural fibre hybrid composites with different fibre ratio. Plain weaved kenaf/PALF composites with fibre weight ratio of 10/10, 15/15 and 20/20 are fabricated via the hand lay up technique using epoxy as the matrix. Tensile and flexural test are performed according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 standards, respectively. Morphological structure of the fracture specimens were examine using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As a result, the 15/15 fibre ratio composite had the highest tensile and flexural strength. Addition of kenaf fibre improve the mechanical properties of the composites and increase the potential of PALF fibre as filler for future natural fibre applications.

The driver who lower limb disabled patients were used the hand control to drive. The hand control was fixed permanently on the pedals. Thus, their family cannot share the car with them. Hence, there are several ways to innovate the hand control become portable product. This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristic driving behaviour of lower limb disabled patient yet to establish the design driving external support that was portable by using hand control. There are many types of mechanism that was used to upgrade the product function compare to existing product. The materials mainly used steel as the materials of hand control stick. The fabrication process was used two weeks to done the prototype. Using a novel upgrading of portable hand control may help the disable patient easily use the fingers and hand, without using any tools. This product also can be refit in others car. The innovation of mechanism assists patients can share their car with their family members.

High carbohydrate content in food waste is one of the characteristic suitable acted as a co-substrate for fermentation to produce methane gas. In this study, co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and food waste (FW) was used for fermentation process in methane gas production. The different effects of the independent variables (ratio, pH and temperature) is the most significant parameters of methane gas fermentation of CM and FW were investigated. Based on the analytical study showed a good fit between the experimental and the predicted data as the R2 values of 0.991 with methane yield to be 537 mL CH4/g VS at ratio 80:20 (CM:FW); temperature 35 °C; and initial pH 7.11 in 20 days of fermentation. The experiment was then performed based on optimized parameters of pH, temperature and ratio at the highest yield of methane obtained from optimum parameters. After optimization, the result showed that the pH 7.11 at 35 °C temperature and the ratio of 80:20 with methane production yield of 1560.5 mL CH4/g VS for the 21 days of digestion process.