This study was designed to assess the frequency of co-existence of H. Pylori in gastric and gallbladder mucosa of patients with acute cholecystitis or who had symptoms of cholelithiasis. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted at Bahria Town International Hospital Lahore from September 2020 to September 2021. The study consisted of 51 participants, all diagnosed with either acute cholecystitis or symptomatic cholelithiasis. Information regarding the patients' ages, genders, and the H. pylori existence in the mucosa of their gastric and gallbladders was collected and analyzed with SPSS version 22. H. pylori was discovered in the gallbladder mucosa of 22 individuals, which accounts for 43.1% of all cases, and in the gastric mucosa of 16 patients, which accounts for 31.1% of all cases. The co-existence of H. pylori in both the mucosa of the gallbladder and gastric wall was found in six (11.8%) patients. The co-existence of H pylori was significantly greater in patients with acute cholecystitis compared to those with cholelithiasis (p = 0.021). This study showed no significant relationship between age and smoking history with the co-existence of H. pylori in gastric and gallbladder mucosa. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of H. pylori infection is extensive in the gallbladder and stomach mucosa of the patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. When evaluating patients with gallbladder issues, it should be considered the presence of H. pylori in both the gallbladder and gastric mucosa.

Background: Training is a critical component for improving the practice of surgical site infections (SSI). We have designed a master training plan characterized by a task-based, interprofessional and reflective approach consisting of initial training of employees and subsequent refresher training. It aims to improve the practice of SSI in hospitals. The research question was: How do policymakers, teachers and managers/leaders of health care institutions perceive the outline of a master training plan for SSI? Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 28 stakeholders from three categories. Results: Four key themes emerged from the interviews: 1) Discussion of authentic tasks fosters the transfer of knowledge to the workplace; 2) interprofessional reflective learning comes with challenges; 3) the master training plan help to change behavior, and 4) it is feasible with limited resources. However, the stakeholders pointed that interprofessional training creates friction among health care professionals (HCPs) who work together and participate in the interprofessional training sessions. To disseminate the training across healthcare facilities, stakeholders suggested developing a train-the-trainer plan. Furthermore, stakeholders suggested making HCPs accountable for actual behavior changes in the workplace. Conclusion: The stakeholders agreed with the approach that the master plan is based on. Implementing this master training plan was expected to encourage knowledge and skills to practice. Participants indicated that arranging training might be feasible in different institutions and it should be part of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education. The stakeholders perceived the outline of the master training plan to be well-suited for implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).