Biomass is produced as a feedstock for energy generation and industrial processes from short-rotation woody crop plantations in Europe, the USA, and Canada. This study determined the impact of soil enrichment on the survival rate, productivity, energy value, and yield of three species of crops grown on poor soil in a 4-year harvest rotation based on two factors: species (willow, poplar, and black locust) and fertilization (lignin, mineral fertilization, mycorrhiza inoculation, and their combination). The highest average yield was obtained from willow, followed by poplar and black locust. The highest yield in the entire experiment was for poplar with lignin combined with mineral fertilization (10.5 odt ha −1 year −1 ). Using lignin combined with mineral fertilizers increased the yield by 8-14 % compared to mineral fertilizers alone for willow and poplar and nearly doubled the black locust yield. The energy value of the yield ranged from 28.6 to 176.7 GJ ha −1 year −1 , respectively, for black locust grown on the control plot and for poplar grown with mineral fertilization combined with lignin.
The paper presents the research results on the relation between the contents of total zinc and its bioavailable form (Zn a) and physicochemical properties of soil carried out along three catenas in the postglacial valley of the middle Łyna River, in NE Poland. We focused on topographical factors to determine the amount of Zn in the soil in relation to specific geochemical landscape types. The analyzed soil showed a relatively low level of soil pollution with Zn and did not exceed the threshold values for soil contamination with Zn. The average Zn content amounted to 45.75 mg kg-1 d.m. and ranged from 8.80 to 176.26 mg kg-1 d.m. The heavy metal content in the soil was related to organic matter and clay fraction, while it was inversely proportional to the share of sandy fraction. Distribution of zinc showed variability due to factors derived from topography, soil heterogeneity in the river valley as well as fluvial processes taking place within the floodplain. Different geochemical landscapes showed depressive trends in both Zn and Zn a contents along the catenas. It diminished from eluvial to transeluvial landscapes and increased again to superaqual landscape. Depressions after former river channel were favorable for the Zn a accumulation. The most abundant in Zn a were upper horizons of Fluvisols in superaqual landscape (45.12 mg kg-1) filling overgrown and terrestialized floodplain lakes. The share of Zn a was the highest in organic horizons of Fluvisols and achieved 51.4% of total Zn. The nature and power of functional links between the heavy metal mobility and the soil properties were determined with multivariate statistics and GAM models. Applied ordination statistics confirmed its usefulness in soil factor analyses.
The aim of this study has been to determine the indirect and direct effects of farmyard manure and sewage sludge composts, produced in the north-eastern part of Poland, on the content of 1 mol HCl⋅dm -3 soluble forms of zinc and copper in soil.In 2004-2007, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station in Ba³cyny near Ostróda. The experiment was established on proper grey-brown podzolic soil originating from light boulder clay, which was rich in P, moderately abundant in K and low in Mg. It comprised a four-field crop rotation system (potato, spring barley, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat. The design of the experiment, set up according to the random block method, involved 8 objects (2 x 4): 1) farmyard manure, 2) compost (sewage sludge + straw), 3) dried and granulated sewage sludge, 4) composted sewage sludge. The composts and FYM were introduced to soil once (in 2004) at a rate of 10 t d.m.⋅ha -1 or 2 × 5 d.m.⋅ha -1 (under potato and winter oilseed rape). In 2004, nitrogen in the soil enriched with natural fertilizers was balanced to 150 kg⋅ha -1 according to the N-total content. In 2005, soil cropped with spring barley received only mineral fertilization, whereas winter oilseed rape received the second rate of organic fertilizers (in the series consisting of 2 × 5 d.m.⋅ha -1 ) and nitrogen was balanced to 120 kg⋅ha -1 . In 2006, soil under winter wheat received only mineral fertilization.Prior to the establishment of the experiment, soil, manure and compost samples were taken. Having been averaged, the samples were subjected to determination of their content of Cu and Zn in 1 mol HCl dm -3 .
Ziemia rolnicza to specyficzny zasób ze względu na jej cechy (m.in. nieelastyczność zagregowanej podaży, nieprzemieszczalność, niepowiększalność, użyteczność, rzadkość, brak substytutów). Na kształtowanie cen rynkowych nieruchomości rolnych w ostatnich latach ma wpływ ograniczona podaż gruntów rolnych oraz uwarunkowania zewnętrzne związane z funkcjonowaniem polskiego rolnictwa w warunkach gospodarki europejskiej. Na podstawie danych statystycznych pozyskanych z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i z Krajowego Ośrodka Wsparcia Rolnictwa w artykule dokonano analizy zmian cen nieruchomości rolnych na rynku państwowym (z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa) oraz prywatnym. Zasadniczy okres analizy dotyczył lat 1992-2016. Przeprowadzono również analizę zróżnicowania przestrzennego uzyskiwanych cen transakcyjnych na poziomie województw. Obrót ziemią jest kształtowany przez wiele różnorodnych czynników, spośród których w niniejszym opracowaniu wyodrębniono dwie grupy: 1) ekonomiczne: cena, podaż i popyt na ziemię rolniczą przeznaczaną do produkcji rolniczej lub na cele pozarolnicze, funkcjonowanie równolegle dwóch segmentów rynku-prywatnego (na którym większość obrotu ziemią rolniczą odbywa się pomiędzy rolnikami), a także rynku ziemi będącej w zasobach Skarbu Państwa, opłacalność produkcji rolnej. 2) środowiskowe: bonitacja i kategoria agrotechniczna gleb, występowanie w granicach nieruchomości złóż kopalin, położenie na obszarach objętych prawną ochroną, aktualny stan zagospodarowania, położenie w atrakcyjnym przyrodniczo miejscu, ukształtowanie terenu, utrudnienia w dojeździe do nieruchomości. Słowa kluczowe: ziemia rolnicza, klasyfikacja gruntów, cena ziemi. Wstęp Ziemia rolna jest szczególnym czynnikiem produkcji. Ze względu na swoje cechy (nieelastyczność zagregowanej podaży w krótkim okresie, nieprzemieszczalność) nie może być traktowana tak jak inne materialne elementy procesu produkcyjnego. Zasobu ziemi nie
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.