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Introduction: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum markers predicting in–hospital mortality among community acquired pneumonia patients Methodology: Total 134 patients admitted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore Pakistan during 2014–16 included. Serum markers recorded upon admission included blood urea nitrogen, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio. Patients were observed for the incidence of mortality during hospitalization. Comparison between survivors and non–survivors for means by t test; odds ratios by contingency tables; and effectiveness of predictors by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were assessed. Results: Overall mean age was 50 ± 21 years; males 45.5%; and in–hospital mortality 9.7%. For in–hospital mortality, creatinine ≥ 2.8 mg/dL showed the highest odds (OR = 7.656, 95% CI = 2.281–25.692; p = 0.001); followed by CURB-65 score ≥ 4 (OR = 4.958, 95% CI = 0.418–58.784; p = 0.266); and blood urea nitrogen ≥ 24.7 mg/dL (OR = 3.364, 95% CI = 1.033–10.954; p = 0.062). Serum creatinine was a fair predictor of in–hospital mortality (AUC = 0.721) showed 53.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity at cut–off 2.8 mg/dL. Blood urea nitrogen (AUC = 0.691) and blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio (AUC = 0.675) were poor predictors; whereas albumin (AUC = 0.424) and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (AUC = 0.403) failed to predict in–hospital mortality. Conclusions: Among five serum markers, raised serum creatinine was a better predictor of in–hospital mortality in adults with community acquired pneumonia.

Objective: To determine the frequency of uremic pruritus in ESRD patients on thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1st Mar 2018 to 15th February 2019. Methodology: Sixty five adult patients on hemodialysis for >3 months duration were included whereas patients on hemodialysis for acute kidney injury duration <3 months and exhibiting clinical or laboratory features of other conditions as chronic skin disease, cholestasis, and malignancies were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age was 48±13.29 years, 46 (70.8%) were males and 19 (29.2%) were females. The mean BMI of patients was 23.73 kg/m2. Thirty one (47.1%) was diabetics and 34(52.9%) was nondiabetics. Hypertension was found in 61(93.9%) while 4(6.2%) were normotensive, 3 (4.6%) were on HD from 6 months to 1 year, while 19(29.4%), 43(66.0%) were on HD for 1 to 3 years and >3 years respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of uremic pruritis in patients on thrice-weekly MHD is 23.1% in our population. Key words: Uremic pruritis, Hemodialusis, End stage renal disease