No abstract

Highlight Crested wheafgrass has proved to be well adapted on most sites in fhe sagebrush zone in southern Idaho. Continued high production as indicated in more than thirty-years records show crested wheatgrass will maintain itself and even spread despite such adverse factors as heavy use, extremes of temperature and moisture, and disease.

Highlight: Ninety species were seeded in 2,450 range plots in 60 studies on depleted rangelands and on abandoned dry farmland in the sagebrush region in southern Idaho. Seedings range from 20 to 40 years old. Crested and fairway wheatgrasses were the most successful species on the drier sagebrush sites, and intermediate and pubescent wheatgrasses on the moister sites. Russian wildrye was good in southeastern Idaho, especially on saline lands. Western and Siberian wheatgrasses had some good stands but were not consistently successful. Good seedbed preparation and control of competing vegetation are necessary to get good stands of seeded species. Good seeded stands produced from 800 to 1,800 lb herbage per acre, as compared to 45 to 200 lb before seeding. The first range seedings in the sagebrush region in southern Idaho were made in 1932 (Wood, 1936; Hull and Klomp, 1966). These and later seedings opened the way for increased forage yields on depleted ranges and on abandoned dry farm lands. To determine plants useful for seeding these lowproducing lands, many species were The author is range scientist,

Highlight: Cheatgrass seeds germinate readily and usually near 100% shortly after collection. Generally, practically all seeds that fall to the ground germinate and plants emerge with favorable conditions in the fall, during the winter, or in early spring. In this study, an average of 692 cheatgrass plantsIft emerged the first year. In the same soil samples, 273 seedsIft did not germinate but produced plants when these seeds were brought into favorable conditions in the greenhouse. When these ungerminated seeds remain in the soil-litter mass in the field, they germinate and emerge more slowly than seeds brought into the greenhouse. Seeds that remain in seedheads over winter germinate slowly but with a high percent when placed in a germinator. Nitrogen at 80, 160, 320, and 640 lb/acre caused the number of plants that emerged in the field to decrease slightly as the rate of fertilizer increased. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), an aggressive introduced winter annual, is well adapted to large areas of rangeland, especially in the western Authors are range scientist and range technician,

- Our data demonstrate that residual thyroid FNA needle rinses are an adequate source of material for molecular diagnostic testing. Importantly, detection of a mutation implicated in thyroid malignancy was predictive of the final surgical diagnosis and clinical outcome. Our strategy to triage thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology with molecular testing eliminates the need to perform additional FNA passes into dedicated media or to schedule additional invasive procedures. Further investigation with a larger sample size to confirm the clinical utility of our proposed strategy is underway.