Summary Background Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication among anticoagulated patients. Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are associated with increased risk of GI (major and clinically relevant non‐major) bleeding. However, more information is needed regarding severe events. Aim To evaluate the risk of NOACs major GI bleeding. Methods We searched for phase III randomised clinical trials (RCT) evaluating NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban and rivaroxaban) and reporting major GI bleeding events, in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO collection and Web of Science databases (July 2015). Meta‐analysis was performed to estimate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. Results A total of 23 studies were included. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, the risk of major GI bleeding was not different between NOACs and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.85–1.36, I2 = 78%; 5 RCTs) or acetylsalicylic acid (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.36–1.72; 1 RCT). Similar results were found for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery and those with venous thromboembolism. NOACs were not found to increase the risk compared to low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LWMH) alone (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.55–3.71, I2 = 7%; 8 RCTs), the sequential treatment with LMWH‐VKA (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.21, I2 = 43%; 7 RCTs) or placebo (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.15–14.84, I2 = 21%; 2 RCTs). Conclusion Despite previous evidence supporting the association of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and overall GI bleeding, non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are not associated with increased risk of major GI bleeding compared to other anticoagulant drugs (with known increased risk of these events).

Background: SodiumÀglucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the composite of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations or cardiovascular mortality among patients with HF. However, the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in secondary endpoints of randomized trials and in subgroups of HF patients is not well known. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HF. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for trials published up to January 21, 2021. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were pooled across trials. The primary endpoints of interest were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: Out of 3969 database results, 15 randomized trials and 20,241 patients were included; 10,594 (52¢3%) received SGLT2 inhibitors. All-cause mortality (HR 0¢86; 95% CI 0¢79À0¢94; p = 0¢0007; I 2 =0%) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0¢86; 95% CI 0¢78À0¢96; p = 0¢006; I 2 =0%) were significantly lower in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo. The composite of cardiovascular mortality, HF hospitalizations, or urgent visits for HF was significantly reduced with SGLT2 inhibitors in all the following subgroups: male, female, age < 65, age 65, race À Black and White, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60, eGFR 60, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II, NYHA III, and HF with preserved ejection fraction. Interpretation: In patients with HF, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo. In addition, the composite of cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalizations/ urgent visits is reduced with SGLT2 inhibitors across subgroups of sex, age, race, eGFR, HF functional class, and ejection fraction.

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ResumoO presente trabalho objetivou comparar o comportamento da cultura da soja adubada com fósforo e potássio em semeadura e a lanço antecipada. Para isso foi realizado um experimento em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram: 1) ausência de adubação; 2) P e K na semeadura; 3) P e K antecipada; 4) P antecipado e K na semeadura; 5) K antecipado e P na semeadura; 6) metade de P e K antecipada e a outra metade em semeadura. As variáveis analisadas foram: produtividade, número de grãos por vagem, número de vagens por planta e peso de 1000 grãos. Nas condições estudadas, não houve diferença entre a adubação fosfatada e potássica em semeadura e a lanço antecipada para a cultura da soja. Assim, sugere-se optar por aquela forma de aplicação de fertilizante que garanta o menor custo. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, adubação antecipada, fertilizantes, fertilidade do solo AbstractThis work aimed to compare the soybean yield when phosphorus and potassium manuring was anticipated or at sowing. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). A completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were: 1) no manuring; 2) P and K at sowing; 3) anticipated P and K; 4) anticipated P; 5) anticipated K; 6) half of P and K anticipated and the another half at sowing. Yield, weight of 1000 grains, number of grains per pods and number of pods per plant were evaluated at harvest. There was no difference between anticipated and sowing fertilization to soybean. Therefore, the best option to soil fertilization should be that with the lowest cost.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of hybrid maize inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense under different levels of topdressing nitrogen. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the conventional tillage system, in the experimental station of the Federal Institute Goiano (Rio Verde, GO), in the 2012 crop season. The parameters evaluated were: ear mass; cob mass; ear length, ear diameter, ear grain weight and total weight per plot. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial arrangement 1 x 2 x 5, with one hybrid (DKB 390 YG RR2), absence and presence of inoculation with A. brasilense and five doses of N (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) totaling 40 plots and 640 m2. The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance by test F, and when significant the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The optimal dose of nitrogen applied at top dress in the maize inoculated was approximately 89% of the recommended dose, which may range up to 84% without significant loss in yield or in the effect of A. brasilense.