New technologies and higher prices of raw materials have promoted the expansion of mining activity throughout the world; if not properly regulated, this activity can lead to contamination of the local and regional environment. The city of Cerro de Pasco is located close to a large open-pit mine and in recent years, several reports have provided evidence of environmental contamination and related health problems. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the contamination in fluvial water, sediments and biological fluids from this area. The collective results show elevated metal and metalloid concentrations in rivers and sediments, especially in the areas downstream of the mine. For instance, Pb concentration in rivers downstream of the mine was 4.451 mg/L, while it was 0.037 mg/L upstream of the mine. Sediments also show higher concentration of metals and metalloids in the areas under the influence of the mine. Concentrations of elements in human blood were measured in the population of Paragsha, a village close to the mine. Analysis of the blood samples revealed elevated levels of metals and metalloids, particularly Pb, Cr, Al, Ni and Mn. All of the studied population showed blood concentrations of Al, Cr and Ni higher than those recommended by the WHO. The high concentration of elements found in the blood of the population could be related to the high concentration in the surrounding water sources, but further studies are required to determine the exact sources of exposure to these metals and metalloids.
El empleo informal es toda actividad laboral, que se caracteriza por una alta mano de obra, largas jornadas laborales y baja remuneración salarial, no cuenta con protección social ni beneficios laborales para los trabajadores, los ingresos monetarios están al margen del control y la fiscalización, conectándose así la vulnerabilidad social y laboral, se encuentran expuestos a todo tipo de riesgos, entre ellos, los ergonómicos, por las condiciones del entorno físico; el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el riesgo ergonómico al que están expuestos los trabajadores informales, del centro de la Ciudad de Cali, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Participaron 98 hombres y mujeres ocupados en actividades informales del sector comercio, elegidos mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Salud y Trabajo del Comercio Informal del Ministerio de la Protección Social con previa firma del consentimiento informado. Los resultados mostraron que el 51% de los vendedores informales ejercen posturas o movimientos forzados durante la realización de su actividad laboral. En igual porcentaje levantan y desplazan objetos pesados durante la realización de su actividad laboral, el 77% no cuentan con ayudas mecánicas para desarrollar su actividad; en sus puestos de trabajo existen: pisos, paredes y zonas deterioradas que pueden generar accidentes como resbalones tropiezos y caídas.
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