The uncommon variant of degenerative hip joint disease, termed rapidly progressive osteoarthritis, and highlighted by severe joint space loss and osteochondral disintegration, is well established. We present a similar unusual subset in the lumbar spine termed destructive discovertebral degenerative disease (DDDD) with radiological features of vertebral malalignment, severe disc resorption, and "bone sand" formation secondary to vertebral fragmentation. Co-existing metabolic bone disease is likely to promote the development of DDDD of the lumbar spine, which presents with back pain and sciatica due to nerve root compression by the "bone sand" in the epidural space. MRI and CT play a complimentary role in making the diagnosis.

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We have detailed the range of normal appearances of the ring apophyses of the developing cervical spine. Cervical spine apophyseal injury is thought to be rare, but knowledge of normative morphological features should help in this diagnosis.

Ankle fractures and dislocations are common injuries. The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate their radiological assessment, the normal anatomy, the radiographic techniques and the classification of fractures and dislocations in and around the ankle. The mechanism of injury will also be described, which not only can help in classifying the injury, but may also aid in deciding their management. This is not a comprehensive surgical review; however, the importance of determining whether fractures are stable or unstable and the various treatment options are discussed.