The comprehension of the fracture network at different scales is mandatory for understanding and developing a sub-surface fractured reservoir. The different scales of fractures are investigated using several approaches and then integrated in the final fracture distribution model.For example the micro-fractures (from cm to meter length) are analyzed, for characteristics and distribution, from oriented cores and well logs, instead faults (macro-fractures, more than hundred meters length) are interpreted and mapped from seismic. The meso-fractures (tens to hundred meters length) are the most problematic since it is impossible to analyze them with direct tools as they are hard to be detected and described in the seismic volumes. This type of fractures, also called sub-seismic fractures, is extremely important for fractured reservoir permeability characterization.We have developed a workflow which integrates data from analogous outcrops/cores and an automatic detection of structural features in seismic volumes enhanced by attributes as continuity or positive/ negative curvature.The seismic attribute volume is scanned and lineaments are detected and collected. The resulting dataset is statistically analyzed for length distribution (histograms), for strike (rosette diagrams and fracture sets detection) and for density (P21 and P20 maps or 3D grids).The comparison with the fault network coming from seismic interpretation allows the detection of different fractured domains or fractures corridors related or not to the faults and to better constrain the structural evolution of the studied reservoir.It is also possible to use these lineaments to compute probabilistic fracture surfaces that can be easily imported in a DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) model for the reservoir characterization.The results are finally checked taking into account the stress/strain evolution through time of the studied area.This workflow was successfully applied on the main fractured reservoir operated by eni as: Kashagan field (Kazakhstan), Perla field (Venezuela), Val d'Agri field (Italy).
Seismic data have often played a significant, and sometimes dominant role in previous Bob F. Perkins conferences, such as in last year's conference on seismic geomorphology. Nevertheless, the last conference to address the role of seismic attributes was held in 1996. The advancement in algorithm development, 3D multiattribute visualization, interpretation workflows, and more quantitative reservoir characterization during this 15-year interval has been astounding. This year's conference, "Attributes: New Views on Seismic Imaging-Their Use in Exploration and Production," gathers some of the world's foremost attribute software developers, service providers, and oil-company practitioners under one roof at the same time.The Perkins conference provides a unique opportunity for such an attribute forum. It is small enough, with only one session at a time, to provide a great deal of interaction, particularly at meals and breaks. Yet it is large enough to allow the participation and input of the greater seismic interpretation community. You will find the quality and technical content of the papers provide the feel of a "technical workshop," whereby experts can compare and contrast state-of-the-art innovations with their expert peer group. However, we have instructed the authors that the intended GCSSEPM audience will be primarily practicing geologists and geophysicists, and to pitch their papers and presentations appropri-7 3 7 xiv
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