From 2009 to 2012 thirteen wild-born pygmy slow lorises Nycticebus pygmaeus (in this paper referred to as pygmy lorises), confiscated from illegal trade, were radio-collared and released into secondary forest in South Vietnam. Pygmy lorises were monitored until death, recapture, or loss of collar; the longest monitoring period was 73 d. The mean (± SD) distances between consecutive sleeping sites were recorded for 324 consecutive days and averaged 122 ± 108.0 m. Mean distances between sleeping sites for males and females were similar at 110.7 ± 92.6 m for males and 128.8 ± 116.7 m for females, with the greatest distance covered by a female (793 m). Mean height of the sleeping sites was 8.54 ± 4.46 m (n = 60), in trees with a mean diameter at breast height of 75.2 ± 58.4 cm (n = 225). Mean height of the trees where lorises slept was 20.2 ± 9.0 m (n = 230). The pygmy lorises slept mostly in the > 8 m band, the area of highest tree connectivity. Of the pygmy lorises studied 38% (5/13) were found dead, 7% (1/13) were returned to captivity due to severe loss of condition and for 23% (3/13) the outcome is unknown due to early collar loss. Causes of death included hyperthermia and natural predation. The remaining 30% (4/13), 2 males and 2 females, were in good condition when last tracked before premature collar drop-off, up to 73 d after release. From this limited data set, a 'soft' release, wet season release and consideration of predator density at the release site are recommendations for increasing chances of survival.KEY WORDS: Pygmy loris · Rehabilitation · Radio-collared release · Vietnam Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to the Theme Section 'Conservation and ecology of slow lorises'FREE REE ACCESS CCESS

Woolly monkey populations are decreasing in the wild and in captivity. Woolly monkeys have a reputation for being difficult to keep and breed, infant mortality is high and hand-rearing is rarely attempted or successful. Between 2006 and 2008, three Η Woolly monkeys Lagothrix lagotricha born at Monkey World -Ape Rescue Centre, UK, failed to suckle and these infants were removed for hand-rearing. Because no published information was available to inform our procedures, detailed records of the hand-rearing and reintroduction process were kept, and an account is provided here. Although parent-rearing is always the best option, this paper details the hand-rearing and reintroduction process used successfully at Monkey World in order to encourage other keepers who are managing suboptimal birth circumstances in captive Woolly monkey populations.

The Endangered Asian Species Trust, founded by Monkey World – Ape Rescue Centre, United Kingdom, organizes the rehabilitation and release of threatened South Vietnamese primates at the new Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre in Cat Tien National Park Vietnam. This work supports the Vietnamese Government to enforce laws on stopping the trade in threatened primates, by providing a place for confiscated animals and facilitating the return to the wild of suitable candidates, boosting wild populations and working towards founding new populations in areas where they have become extinct, such as in regenerating lowland forests.

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