Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is endemic in most of the regions in Europe. Pathogen circulates in nature involving ticks vector (mainly Ixodes ricinus in Europe) and wide spectrum of reservoir animals like rodents, game animals, birds as well as pets. Considering the close association of a dog and humans, and their similar activities in nature, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of a dog as an important animal in ecology and epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis. Antibody profile in Lyme disease is the most characteristic feature in dogs that helps to evaluate the changes in disease prevalence in particular area and helps to assess the risk factors for human. The article reviews overall eco-epidemiological importance of dogs in Lyme disease surveillance.