Polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) have been used to characterize the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of N-(3-dihydroxyborylphenyl)-11-mercaptoundecanamide) (abbreviated PBA) on a gold surface and the subsequent binding of various sugars to the PBA adlayer through the phenylboronic acid moiety to form a phenylboronate ester. Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) spectroscopy confirmed the ordering of the substituted phenyl groups of the PBA adlayer on the gold surface. Solution FTIR spectra and density functional theory were used to confirm the identity of the observed vibrational modes on the gold surface of PBA with and without bound sugar. The detection of the binding of glucose on the gold surface was confirmed in part by the presence of a C-O stretching mode of glucose and the observed O-H stretching mode of glucose that is shifted in position relative to the O-H stretching mode of boronic acid. An IR marker mode was also observed at 1734 cm(-1) upon the binding of glucose. Additionally, changes in the peak profile of the B-O stretching band were observed upon binding, confirming formation of a phenylboronate ester on the gold surface. The binding of mannose and lactose were also detected primarily through the IR marker mode at approximately 1736 to 1742 cm(-1) depending on the identity of the bound sugar.

No abstract

An 18-year-old student presented with a two-year history of daytime sleepiness and noisy breathing during sleep. Both he and his brother, aged 25 years, had Scheie's syndrome, a mucopolysaccharidosis characterised by small stature, micrognathia, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, raised urinary mucopolysaccharides, and undetectable levels of oa-L-iduronidase assayed in cultured fibroblasts. Both brothers had sleep apnoea (apnoea index, 59 and 35 respectively) during which there was a significant fall in heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation. One brother had EEG changes suggestive of cerebral hypoxia and the other had ventricular extrasystoles at the end of several episodes. Tracheostomy in the younger brother produced a dramatic symptomatic improvement and reduced the number and severity of apnoeic episodes (post-tracheostomy apnoea index 2.4).

The purpose was to determine the association of milk California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell concentration (SCC), and milk differential cell count results on day 3 postcalving with subsequent lactation production and health events. On d 3 postcalving, the CMT was performed and quarter milk samples were collected from 130 dairy cows. Quarter SCC and milk differential cell counts were determined. Microbiology on duplicate quarter milk samples was used to determine the presence of intramammary infection by major or minor pathogens. Production measures obtained using Dairy Herd Improvement Association testing were 150-d standardized and summit milks. Milk culture results on a cow basis included 82 (63.1%) samples with no growth, 31 (23.9%) with major pathogens, and 17 (13.1%) with minor pathogens. Milk culture results comparing cows with no growth to those with any growth (major or minor pathogens) were not associated with statistically significant differences in milk production. Milk culture results comparing cows with major pathogens to those with no growth and minor pathogens combined were associated with statistically significant differences in 150 d milk. Milk production did not differ for cows with CMT results above and below a cut-off of trace, and for SCC results above and below cut-offs of 200,000, 300,000, and 400,000/mL, respectively. Statistically significant differences in milk production were found for cows above and below cut-offs for percentage neutrophils in milk and for absolute neutrophil counts. Associations were found for milk production and number of quarters (0, 1, 2, or 3 and 4 combined) above respective cut-offs for SCC, percentage neutrophils in milk, and absolute numbers of neutrophils in milk, but not for CMT. Milk production differed for cows experiencing any health event versus those with no health event. The most commonly recorded health event was clinical mastitis. Statistically significant associations were detected between health events and milk culture results, SCC, neutrophil percentage, and neutrophil absolute counts. Results of the present investigation indicate that milk monitoring on d 3 of lactation using milk neutrophil percentage or neutrophil absolute counts may be useful as an indication of subsequent milk production.