Induction of tolerance to histocompatibility antigens of an organ donor would eliminate the need for long-term administration of nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs associated with an increased risk of infection and malignancies. Recently, we established a murine model in which recipient mice were treated with a single dose of anti-CD3, anti-CD4, low dose of total body irradiation (TBI) and allogeneic bone marrow cells. Our results clearly demonstrate that stable multilineage mixed chimerism, immunocompetence and permanent donor-specific skin graft tolerance across full major histocompatibility (MHC) barriers can be successfully achieved in this way. The observations that the preparative regimen and skin transplantation can be performed on the same day, and that a significant reduction in irradiation dose is sufficient in haploidentical donor-recipient combinations (MHC-sharing effect), bring our protocol closer to clinical use.

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