The problem of genotype by environment interaction (G 9 E) is that often complicates the interpretation of trials in multiple locations, making it difficult to select genotypes adapted to different environments. AMMI model was adopted to analyze ten sugarcane genotypes in ten Venezuelan environments evaluated through two years of cultivation. The objectives of this study were to identify stable and adaptable genotypes in different locations and determine the magnitude of G 9 E interaction. The analysis of variance showed that 72% of the total sum of squares was attributed to environmental effect, indicating that the sites were diverse. The first two principal component axes were significant, and both sums contributed to 61.09% to the total of G 9 E interaction. The V77-12 genotype exhibited high yield and wide adaptability to different environments. However, the CP74-2005, CP72-2086, PR61-632, PR980, and V78-2 genotypes showed high yield but with specific adaptations through locations. The application of AMMI model facilitated the visual comparison and identification of superior genotypes for each set of environments.

No abstract

The evaluation of performance stability and high yields is essential for yield trials in different environments. This study was carried out to identifysugarcane genotypesthat have both a high mean cane yield, mesured in tons of cane per hectare (TCH), and stability across seven different environments, using 11 non-parametric statistical methods: Si(1), Si(2), Si(3), Si(6), NPI(1), NPI(2), NPI(3), NPI(4), RS, TOP and DE. The data came from acane yield of 20 genotypes, as measured at seven locations over three crop-years in the sugarcane regional trials of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA) of Venezuela. The genotypes V99-213, V99-236 and V00-50 showed promising yields and stability according to all of the non-parametric statistics. The TCH presented a positive association with the TOP, NPI(2), NPI(3) and Si(6) statistics. The analysis distinguished two groups of statistics using a principal component analysis (PCA). The first group (G1) was composed of the TOP, NPI(4), NPI(2), NPI(3), Si(3) and Si(6) statistics, which were located under the concept of dynamic or agronomic stability because they are associated with yield. The other group (G2) was composed of the NPI(1), Si(1), Si(2), DE and RS statistics, which fell within the static or biological stability concept.

<strong>Título en ingles: Micropropagation of papaya plants in temporary immersion recipients from axilary shoots</strong><p><strong>Título corto: Micropropagación de lechosa en recipientes de inmersión temporal.</strong></p><strong>Resumen: </strong>Se estandarizaron las condiciones de iniciación, multiplicación, enraizamiento y aclimatización de plantas hermafroditas de lechosa cv Maradol provenientes de brotes axilares, producidos en recipientes de inmersión temporal RITA^®. En cada envase, contentivo de 200 ml de medio de cultivo líquido de Fitch, se colocaron cuatro brotes de 2 a 3 cm de longitud. Los biorreactores se conectaron a tres líneas de inmersión de 5, 2 y 1 min cada 4h y se colocaron 6 envases en promedio por línea, en condiciones de fotoperíodo de 16 h. Transcurridos 30 a 45 días, se cuantificaron los brotes y se clasificaron de acuerdo al tamaño: &lt; 2 cm (pequeños), entre 2 a 3 cm (medianos),  ˃ 3 cm con y sin raíz (grandes). Los dos primeros tipos de brotes se continuaron multiplicando en los mismos medios; y los más elongados se aclimatizaron utilizando el Sistema Autotrófico Hidropónico (SAH). Se determinó la sanidad y la fidelidad de las plantas producidas mediante pruebas de ELISA y RAPD, respectivamente. Durante un periodo de 6 meses se reciclaron un total de 47 recipientes, los cuales produjeron 1.091 brotes: 377  pequeños; 482 medianos; 175 grandes sin raíz y 57 con raíz. Usando el SAH se obtuvo 89,5% de plantas aclimatizadas cuando se usaron brotes enraizados, y 41,6% a partir de brotes sin  raíces. Con la combinación de las técnicas RITA y SAH se logró un sistema continuo y eficiente de producción de plantas sanas y fieles al tipo, en comparación con los métodos convencionales de micropropagación y aclimatización.<p><strong>Palabras clave</strong>: <em>Carica papaya</em>, RITA^®, sistema autotrófico, estabilidad genética.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>We standardized initiation, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization conditions of papaya cv Maradol hermaphrodite plants from axillary buds produced in temporary immersion reactor RITA^®. Recipients contained 200 ml of Fitch liquid culture medium, and four shoots of 2 to 3 cm. in length were placed in each. The bioreactors were connected to three different immersion lines of 5, 2, and 1 min each 4h,  with 6 containers per line on average, in 16 h photoperiod. After 30 to 45 days, the shoots produced were quantified and classified according to size: &lt;2 cm (small), from 2 to 3 cm (medium), &gt;3 cm with or without roots (large). The first two types of shoots were multiplied in the same culture media, and more elongated shoots were acclimatized using Autotrophic Hydroponic System (AHS). The sanity and fidelity of the produced plants were determined using ELISA and RAPD, respectively. For a period of six months 47 vessels were recycled and 1,091 shoots were produced: 377 small; 482 medium; 175 large without roots and 57 rooted shoots. Using AHS, 89.5% acclimatized plants were obtained when rooted shoots were used, and 41.6% from rootless shoots. With the combination of RITA and AHS techniques we achieved a continuous and efficient production of healthy and true to type papaya plants, in comparison to conventional micropropagation and acclimatization procedures.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Carica</em><em> papaya</em>, RITA^®, autotrophic system, genetic stability.</p><p><strong>Recibido:</strong> mayo 16 de 2014<strong>   Aprobado: </strong>abril 21 de 2015</p>

G del gen ADIPOQ se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP. Resultados: El análisis de los resultados demuestra que la presencia del alelo G del polimorfismo 45T>G del gen ADIPOQ duplica el riesgo de padecer enfermedad coronaria en la población estudiada (OR= 2.06; I.C.95%: 1.36-3.14). Conclusión: Nuestros datos revelaron la existencia de una interesante asociación entre el polimorfismo 45T>G del gen ADIPOQ y enfermedad arterial coronaria en los sujetos analizados. Es importante destacar, que este hallazgo constituye el primer antecedente en población chilena.]]>