Based on the analysis of the activities of ecologically oriented farms and territories of Russia over the past ten years, and in particular the districts of the Belgorod region, we propose to implement a new management model using a game-theoretic approach in the practice of managing rural areas and an environmentally oriented agricultural collective. In the course of the study, we identified separate blocks of factors and methods that ensure the sustainable development of ecological agricultural holdings. Each block and method within the block is closely interconnected with all the others, and only a comprehensive implementation of the entire system of measures will allow us to achieve the maximum positive effect. In the course of the study, during 2010-2020, we conducted surveys of experts, in the capacity of which were both the settlers of the ancestral estates of the Belgorod region, and representatives of local, regional and regional authorities. The objectives of the expert method were: to determine the degree of influence of the methods we have identified in 5 blocks on the main indicators of the economic dynamics of the region’s districts and ancestral estates, to establish the leading principles that have a cardinal impact on economic trends.

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The aim of the research is the use of serological and molecular genetic methods for detecting virus-infected cattle leukemia, as well as determining the significance of PCR in identifying BLV infected calves in the system of antiepizootic health measures. The developed technique for early diagnosis of leukemia in cattle made it possible to accelerate the process of recovery of disadvantaged farms in the Belgorod region by increasing the frequency of studies from 6 months to 2-3 months and an increase in the sensitivity of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test and makes it possible to detect, on average, from 8.8% to 20.25% more animals infected with the leukemia virus compared to the standard reaction of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. The additional use of molecular genetic tests for the detection of proviral DNA of the leukemia virus makes it possible to identify at the early stages of the development of the leukemia process, in calves from 15 days of age, the genomic material of bovine leukemia virus, which will also allow in a shorter time to carry out a qualitative improvement of young cattle in dysfunctional farms.

Based on the analysis of the activities of the ancestral estates of Russia over the past ten years, and in particular of rural enterprises of ecological orientation of the Belgorod region over the past three years, we propose to implement in the practice of managing the collective of an agricultural cooperative of farms of ecological orientation the principles of the leading theoretician in the field of agricultural economics and management - A. V. Chayanov. The principles of organization and management developed by A.V. Chayanov, organically inherent in peasant farms that do not use hired labor and are based solely on family labor, correspond to the characteristic features of modern eco-farms in Russia and other countries and can be fully applied to their economic system. In the course of the study, in several stages, during 2018-2020, we conducted surveys of experts, in the capacity of which were the settlers of the ancestral estates of the Belgorod region. The objectives of the expert method were: to determine the degree of influence of the implementation of Chayanov’s principles on the main indicators of the economic dynamics of family estates, to establish the leading principles that have a cardinal impact on economic trends.

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