No abstract

No abstract

The technique of laparoscopic-guided cholecystocentesis and cholecystocholangiography was evaluated as an ancillary diagnostic procedure for collection of bile and contrast radiography of gallbladder and bile duct in canines. This technique was compared with the conventional intravenous cholecystography. Laparoscopic-guided cholecystocholangiography was found superior over the conventional intravenous technique in terms of safety and diagnostic quality of radiographs.

Eighteen female mongrel bitches, equally divided into three groups (A, B and C) were subjected to CO 2 insufflation at 6, 10 and 14 mm Hg pressure gradient respectively to study the physiological changes of capnoperitoneum during laparoscopy. Optimum visualization of internal organs during laparoscopy was achieved at 10 and 14 mm Hg of CO 2 pressure gradient. The physiological effects were more pronounced at 14 mm Hg of CO 2 pressure gradient. Marked increase of respiration rate in correlation with increased pCO 2 and decreased pO 2 was observed in the group C. Bradyarrhythmia was observed in all three groups, however, myocardial ischemia or hypoxia as reflected through S-T segment depression and elevation was more pronounced in 14 mm Hg of CO 2 pressure gradient (group C). Alteration of liver function was within the physiological range in the animals of all the three groups. Physiological stress was remained significantly higher with 14 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure. In conclusion, 10 mm Hg of CO 2 was found most suitable pressure gradient for laparoscopic examination in dogs.