Automotive embedded systems comprise several domains, such as in software, electrical, electronics, and control. When designing and testing functions at the top level, one generally ignores the uncertainties arising from the electrical and electronic effects, which could lead to an irregular behavior and deteriorate their performance even using the appropriate methodology for designing the embedded control systems. Then, the studies and comparison on the effect of uncertainty in the automotive domain are important to improve the overall performance of those control systems. Here, we explored the uncertainty in control systems using the Monte Carlo (MC) and unscented transform (UT) methods. These methods have been applied to a mobile seat platform (MSP) and a light emitting diode (LED) used for lighting of heavy-duty vehicles. The UT for embedded control systems has shown better performance when compared to the Monte Carlo method, in order to reduce the number of required variables and computational resources in the simulation of failures and test-case generation. Finally, this investigation brings another application for the UT, in order to exemplify its applicability and advantages when compared with the other methods. INDEX TERMS Automotive, unscented transform, Monte Carlo and embedded system.

This paper presents the unscented transform (UT) applied to uncertainty modeling of manufacturing tolerances at the design stage of microwave passive devices. The process combines the UT with electromagnetic simulations and assumes that the numerical sources of error are negligible in comparison to the imperfections due to the manufacturing process. The technique was validated with the simulation, construction, and test of several sets of identical microstrip filters with very good results. Although the combination of UT and electromagnetic simulators was presented for microstrip filters, it can also be used for different types of microwave devices.

Medical, artistic and social applications of biomedical signals benefit from the possibility of measuring a person's emotional state, and of creating, through biofeedback techniques, a personal dynamic interaction with the environment. This paper describes a wearable microsensor module used to acquire and preprocess biological signals that are directly related to one's emotional state in daily activities. The main circuit includes a skin galvanic sensor, a breathing sensor, and an electrocardiograph with three electrodes. The acquired signals are treated by independent instrumentation amplifiers and digitized by a dedicated microcontroller at an acquisition/preprocessing board. The module and the enhanced application for Networked Communications in Biomedical Engineering and ubiquitous computing reinvent the sense of presence in the physical world when wearing a BWAS − Biocybrid Wearable Art System. Ontological levels of creative reality and phenomenological framework using embedded systems and the ways of using hardware and software are discussed. The results intend future industry developments of devices to enhance and to supplement the human perceptive and affective human condition. The identification and interpretation of appropriate models for art, communication, aesthetic, design, fashion, health, personal security or other applications are challenges for insightful discussions of the role of engineers, physiologists, artists, educators, social scientists, as well as of ethnographic methods and practices. Keywords -biofeedback, biosensors, breathing sensors, cardiac frequency, e l e c t r o c a r d i o g r a m , galvanic skin response, wearable microcircuitsDifferent types of biological signals can provide information about a person's emotional state. The conditions of emotional stress, fear and of intense euphoria, for instance, are typically associated with increased cardiac rates, which can be measured using an electrocardiograph (ECG) or a heartbeat sensor. Intense nervousness or anger, on the other hand, can lead to a muscular contraction of the jaws, which is detectable through electromyographic signals (EMGs). Also, the breathing rate responds, among other factors, to the different levels of anxiety, while the skin conductance is known to quickly respond to changes in the levels of stress.By collecting specific biological signals, it is thus possible to obtain measurements that are directly influenced by changes of mood or of general mind setting. This information can be very important in medical applications, for example by allowing one to fight against undesirable emotional states, through biofeedback. Furthermore, specialists in the medical field, as well as researchers in body sensor networks, defend that by measuring different combinations of physiological variables it is possible to significantly improve current diagnostic techniques. These measurements also create valuable possibilities in artistic production, by allowing the artwork to respond to the observers' emotional reactions, thus creat...