Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of histone deacetylases which epigenetically regulate major cell functions. This review analyzes the role of SIRTs in controlling oxidation-reduction reactions in cells in stress. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the causes of the development of neurodegenerative pathologies -Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). SIRTs supporting the antioxidant defense of neurons may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective properties of SIRT1, 2, 3, and 6 in AD and SIRT1 and 3 in PD. The roles of other proteins of the SIRT family in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases requires further study. SIRTs may have potential as diagnostic markers and treatment targets in AD and PD.
Sirtuins (SIRT) are a class of NAD-dependent proteins with deacetylase activity that are involved in the regulation of transcription, metabolic pathways, and cell aging via the deacetylation of histone and nonhistone targets. It was hypothesized that sirtuins play important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An age-related decrease in sirtuin expression leads to oxidative stress, which can cause neurodegeneration. This article examines the age-related dynamics of SIRT1, 3, 5, and 6 expression in patients with AD and in healthy individuals with immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry methods via immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. In elderly and senile health individuals, the SIRT1, 3, 5, and 6 expression in the hippocampus and buccal epithelium did not differ significantly. In AD patients, the SIRT1, 3, 5, and 6 expression in the hippocampus and buccal epithelium decrease by 1.5-5 times as compared with healthy elderly and senile individuals. The SIRT5 expression in the hippocampus and buccal epithelium does not depend on the age or AD diagnosis. Thus, the SIRT1, 3, and 6 expression in the buccal epithelium can be a marker for intravital, noninvasive AD diagnosis in elderly and senile individuals.
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